Nixon The Media

Nixon The Media Superpower's today don't depend intensely on such factors as land, military and populace any longer. They depend on something more prominent; an undetectable hand, to control the eyes, ears, and observation on land limits, just as individuals' information. At present, the United States of America is the world's superpower. The nation's leaders in this way got known to be the most impressive pioneers on the planet. The main power that can change a president's status effectively is the media, which can overwhelm the intensity of the Supreme Court and the forces of Congress, set up. This influence was exemplified on account of Richard Nixon, America's President during 1968-1974. On the off chance that it were not for the media, this man would in any case be remaining as a blameless heritage in American history; the media had provided the ability to uncover Nixon and carried him to justice.The media is an amazing political device and to an enormous degree the media decides the sheers and disappointments of politicans .Richard Milhous Nixon, 37th President of the Unite...Throughout his profession he put together his sheers with respect to controlling the media. The capacity to control data in his vocation empowered Nixon to utilize the media as a weapon against his adversaries, manhandling the First Amendment.In America, the First Amendment ensures the right to speak freely including the press . The media can be useful by illuminating the open what they should think about government officials and embarrassments. The long stretches of Richard Nixon's administration were loaded with misguided judgments and embarrassments that were never talked about preceding his presentation in the media. Maybe the first run through Americans had truly encountered the intensity of the media engaging with White House privileged insights was during the Nixon Scandal .Nixon's experience might not have made him the most joyful everything being equal, however his encounters built up the i ndividual of what his identity was.

Situation Analysis For 42below Feijoa Vodka Marketing Essay

Circumstance Analysis For 42below Feijoa Vodka Marketing Essay 42 Below Vodka which is the universes most granted vodka as indicated by its site is one of New Zealands most perceived liquor fares to the world. 42 BELOW Limited, is a beverages fabricating organization situated in downtown Auckland, New Zealand. Their principal item is theâ vodkaâ 42 BELOW, the gin South Gin, too asâ 420 spring waterâ (which is shining mineral water) and the less expensive brandâ of Stil Vodka (Wikipedia, 2012).  42 Below is made fromâ genetic building free wheat. The name additionally alludes toward the southern scope where the item is produced simply north of Wellington on New Zealands 42nd equal and it is likewise a reference to the 42% liquor substance of the refreshment. The particular item that will be the focal point of this task is the 42 Below Feijoa Vodka which is made with the feijoa, a native New Zealandâ fruit, and has 42% liquor content. It additionally has the trace of guavas and pineapple also and is a moderately new item for the organization. Vodkas are viewed as spirits that are primarily nonpartisan that is, without unmistakable character, smell, taste or shading (MediaWiki, 2012). All things considered, purchasers do recognize them as indicated by taste, liquor content, and most remarkably, cost. The objective market for this item: 42 Below Feijoa (alluded to in this report as Feijoa) will be the young and this item will particularly be advertised with a kiwi-culture idea to those with a devoted streak. A cost of around $37.99-$42.99 places this vodka in the mid-value run which will likewise be an or more. 42 Below attempted a primer open delicate of offers and warrants in 2003. On 27 September 2006 the firm gotten a takeover offer of $0.77/share from Bacardi Ltdâ , which extended the estimation of the business to NZ$138 million. Bacardi took a gander at 42Below as a youngster organization yet with much long haul development potential in the global market. The takeover was successful and 42 BELOW Limited is currently totally possessed by the Bacardi gathering. Market of premium, patterns and size Market of premium: The New Zealand vodka showcase is as of now immersed with an assortment of items yet 42 Below Vodka is a brand that has enormous nearby brand mindfulness. In the language of Kiwidom, 42 Below is world well known in New Zealand. To catch advertise allotment, 42 Below Vodka has needed to build up and develop a solid brand-name. This report examines the acquaintance of Feijoa with Kiwis (here and abroad) and the most ideal approaches to accomplish gainful deals. Feijoa is out to recover Kiwis who are enthusiastic and consistently pine for a sample of New Zealand starting with the individuals who are in the nation and proceeding with abroad. Patterns and size of the market: Statistics New Zealand records that the volume of spirits (containing in excess of 23 percent liquor) expanded 217,000 liters (1.7percent) to 13 million liters in 2011 and as indicated by them vodka deals were up 9% in notoriety. This shows the market size for Vodka in New Zealand is considerable and that the pattern of the soul showcase, particularly that of vodka, is that it has persistently expanded in size. This likewise repeats the interest for vodka and vodka based items is going from solidarity to quality in New Zealand. Outer condition impacts Examining the natural viewpoints is invaluable for understanding how the current patterns and improvements could impact the limited time plan of our item. It is imperative to stay aware of the patterns in the market to increase a serious edge over our adversary organizations. A portion of the present patterns in the outside condition and how these could influence out advertising plan are recorded underneath. Long range interpersonal communication One of the key patterns in the public eye today is the utilization of person to person communication. It is imperative for our organization to make and deal with a Twitter Account just as a Facebook page, which will allow present and potential shoppers of our items to stay in contact with the organization, pose inquiries and stay up with the latest on the entirety of our organization and item advancements. A battle that utilizes advancements, challenges and other innovative thoughts on Facebook will permit Feijoa to have a more elevated level of contribution from and better correspondence with the purchaser. These channels can likewise be utilized to keep up an exclusive expectation of our item with the purchasers. Online Websites Online Websites are likewise extraordinary spot for purchasers to accumulate data in regards to items marked down. It is accordingly basic that our organization has a mechanically progressed and instructive site about our items and the organization. Shoppers ought to have the option to inquiry about our item, find data and purchase said things utilizing our site. We will take a gander at updating our present site to this level: http://www.42below.com/ Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the duty of an association for the effects of its choices and exercises on society, the earth and its own thriving. (MPI, 2012) it is viewed as in vogue for liquor based organizations to incorporate CSR into its publicizing. At present, organizations attempt to convey messages like: Drink mindfully and You dont need to ruin an extraordinary gathering. An organization considers it to be its obligation to educate shoppers about mindful liquor utilization. (ECMAM, 2009). Feijoa has plans to consolidate CSR into our advancements action since it is significant for any liquor offering organization to advise clients that it is central to drink mindfully. Green Image Going green is exceptionally well known in todays society. The buzz today is to attempt to secure our planet and her assets. Coordinating being green in our advertising can be exceptionally beneficial in getting clients to purchase our item. For our organization to misuse this pattern, we will publicize about the green parts of our assembling and packaging process. Our organization can likewise give assets to green foundations for each container of Feijoa purchased. Rivalry Analysis An examination of the present rivalry for 42 Below Feijoa Vodka, focused on the 3 most famous vodkas sold in New Zealand today, is introduced. Utilizing SWOT investigations, the recognizable shortcomings and qualities of Feijoa in the light of this opposition has been inspected. Key dangers and key open doors have additionally been recognized. Current Situation 42 Below Vodka is a notable brand in New Zealand. It is, as is commonly said, world well known in New Zealand. Made in the Wellington utilizing the unadulterated delicate quality of New Zealand shimmering water, 42 Below Vodka has designed itself as a mainstream brand of vodka in New Zealand and abroad. 42 Below Vodkas current objective is to grow its vodka range and offering clients top notch feijoa based vodka at a reasonable cost. Feijoa intends to focus on the higher class youth showcase comprising of very good quality dance club, inns, and eateries in addition to the segment that frequents these ventures: energetic experts, more youthful expert individuals, and others with a prosperous way of life. Issue Identification The essential issue that Feijoa faces is going into a previously stuffed New Zealand showcase with positively no taste mindfulness for a feijoa based mixed drink. A key arrangement for obtaining extensive piece of the pie is significant. Opportunity Since 42 Below Feijoa is entering a totally creative specialty in the market, it has the possibility of building everything from the starting point including: picture, a name for the item, and methodologies to advertise the item. The principal thing we have to do is make a brand picture for Feijoa whereby it will start to build up an association with its intended interest group. The marking point is to situate Feijoa premier in the brains of its objective customers at whatever point they consider purchasing most excellent unadulterated vodka for their organizations, extraordinary occasions, gatherings and excursions. Feijoa will likewise need to build up a remarkable and proceeding with picture of this vodka for focused customers. For instance, another vodka dispersed in New Zealand, Absolut Vodka, has a site that can pull in and hold the consideration of even a nondrinker, on the grounds that the symbolism and rundown of conceivable outcomes on their site are so convincing. Feijoa needs to build up a picture that will support our items status worth and impression and captivates its objective market. Feijoa should execute sharp promoting methodologies so as to enact and engender such an entrancing picture for its item, Circumstance Analysis 42 Below Feijoa Vodka is going into a totally new market fragment under seasoned vodkas where the focused on purchasers as of now have inclinations with regards to purchasing vodka. Along these lines, it is important to do a SWOT investigation of both 42 Below Feijoa and the opposition with the goal that the organization can get a clear perspective on this new condition. An industry examination will assist Feijoa with creating the exact brand mindfulness for its own vodka and to comprehend the idea of its contending items. There are at present numerous brands of enhanced vodka in New Zealand alcohol stores. Its notoriety can be credited fundamentally to its nonpartisan flavor and flexibility as a blender. Numerous vodkas are sensibly valued and are planned to be blended in with different beverages like squeezed orange or apple juice or blended in Bloody Marys, martinis and different mixed drinks. Different brands of vodka are dearer and tanked super cold, either straight-up (flawless) or on-the-rocks (on ice). Seasoned vodkas are popular. 42 Below Feijoa Vodka has looming rivalry from a wide scope of previous seasoned vodka items in its chose condition. Feijoa will see how to best enter its new market subsequent to completing a full assessment of its rivals. Contender Analysis Vodka is normally refined from rye and wheat grains or from beets or potatoes. After refining, charcoal is generally used to channel the vodka. The more one distils and channels vodka, the more clear

Im Going To Upload It Example

Im Going To Upload It Example Im Going To Upload It â€" Essay Example > IntroductionBacterial meningitisThe case study below is of Tatum, a two year old girl who was diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. Meningitis is a disease that is characterized by inflammation of the brain and spinal cord membranes. The disease is either caused by bacteria or virus (Kneib, 2005, p 15). This disease affects people of all ages from children to adults. When it affects children, it may hinder them form attaining their normal growth and development process. The normal growth and development that is acceptable for a child of twoyears of ageChild growth and development entails the biological and psychological changes that take place in the bodies of children since the time of birth until they reach adolescence. Rene, (2010, p 657) says that every child takes the growth and development path in a unique way but there are certain traits that are common to children at a particular stage. Some of the developments that are expected in a child of two years include the ability t o walk freely on the ground. The child can also stand in an upright position on his or her own. The child, at this stage, is always moving and grows cognitively such that she can be able to use objects for their right purposes (Rene, 2010, p 654). Children at this stage also understand the importance of language in explaining something to others (Santrock, 2008, p 411). The child is able to use negative language in expressing negative statements. The child is also able to use singulars and plurals. At two years the child is no longer a baby and can feed by himself or herself. However, the child cannot reason but does new things or learns new words every day (Kail, 2006, p. 50). The child also attains social and emotional growth and she or he is able to show signs of empathy and care. She can comfort another child who is crying and can also use physical aggression when she is frustrated. This is an indication that the child is developing their emotions (Kail, 2006, p. 54). Some fac tors such as disease can affect the normal growth and development of a child and may slow down the development process hindering it from attaining the required growth at a particular age. A disease such as meningitis can make the child unable to play, eat well or even drink. This may affect the general aspects of growth and development of a child who is affected by meningitis (Volpe, 2008, p. 114). Pathophysiology of Bacterial meningitisBacterial meningitis is caused by several types of bacteria which include Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Other types are Streptococcus pneumonia and Neisseria meningitides and are the most common (Klosterman, 2006, p. 22). The bacteria that commonly causes meningitis is found in the environment but can also live in the nose and the respiratory tract of human beings without causing any harm. Meningococcal meningitis is the disease that is responsible for more than half of the bacterial meningitis cases in the United States, also caused by Neis seria meningitides (Klosterman, 2006, p. 22). Bacterial meningitis is mostly common among children between the age of one month and two years. It only affects adults who are at risk factors such as those who take alcohol or those suffering nose or ear infections and those with head injuries (Bakay, Lee, 2006, p. 122). The bacteria that causes meningitis reaches the meninges through various means which include the blood stream, contact between the affected and non affected meninges, and also through the nasal cavity. Once the bacteria enter the blood stream, they travel along the subarachnoid space up to places where the barrier of brain and blood is weak such as in the choroid plexus (Routh, 2006, p. 41). Extensive inflammation therefore takes place in the subarachnoid space which is not directly due to infection of bacteria, but also as a result of the response by the immune system to the entrance of the bacteria into the central nervous system (Routh, 2006, p. 41).

ch21 sample questions - 698 Words

! !! CHAPTER 21! Sample Exam Questions! ! 1. [CPA Adapted] If the algebraic sum of the present values of all cash flows related to a proposed capital expenditure discounted at the company’s required rate of return is positive, it indicates that the! A. resultant amount is the maximum that should be paid for the asset.! B. discount rate used is not the proper required rate of return for this company.! C. investment is the best alternative.! D. return on the investment exceeds the company’s required rate of return.! ! ! The following data apply to questions 2 through 6.! The Hilltop Corporation is considering (as of 1/1/08) the replacement of an old machine that is currently being used. The old machine is fully depreciated but can be†¦show more content†¦.75! .71! .68 ! 4! .79! .74! .68! .64! .59 ! 5! .75! .68! .62! .57! .52 ! Present Value of an Annuity of $1.00 Received at the End of Each Period! Period! 6%! 8%! 10%! 12%! 14%! ! 1! 0.94! 0.93! 0.91! 0.89! 0.88! 2! 1.83! 1.78! 1.73! 1.69! 1.65! 3! 2.67! 2.58! 2.49! 2.40! 2.32! 4! 3.47! 3.31! 3.17! 3.04! 2.91! 5! 4.21! 3.99! 3.79! 3.61! 3.43! ! ! ! 2. [CMA Adapted] If Hilltop requires investments to earn an 8 percent return, the net present value for replacing the old machine with the new machine is! A. $100,000.! B. $50,000.! C. ($63,000).! D. $46,500.! ! 3. [CMA Adapted] The internal rate-of-return, to the nearest percent, to replace the old machine is! A. 12 percent.! B. 10 percent.! C. 8 percent.! D. 6 percent.! ! 4. [CMA Adapted] The payback period to replace the old machine with the new machine is! A. 3.3 years.! B. 3.0 years.! C. 4.0 years.! D. 2.5 years.! ! 5. The discounted payback at a required rate of return of 8 percent is! A. 4 years! B. 3 years! C. 3.57 years! D. 1.5 years! ! 6. The accrual accounting rate of return on the initial investment to the nearest percent is! A. 0 percent.! B. 11.0 percent.! C. 5.6 percent.! D. 30 percent.! ! ! 7. [CPA Adapted] The assumption that cash flows are reinvested at the rate earned by the investment belongs to which of the following capital budgeting methods?! ! Internal rate! Net present ! ! of return ! value! ! ! A. ! No! ! No! B. ! No! ! Yes! C. ! Yes! ! Yes! D. ! Yes! ! No! ! 8. [CPA Adapted] The

Charles-Edouard Jeanneret Le Corbusier - 865 Words

His career spanned over five decades, beginning in 1907 working for Auguste Perret, the French architect who pioneered the use of reinforced concrete. He then studied architecture for a year in Vienna before working for Peter Behrnes between 1910-1911, the renowned German advocate for ‘industrial design’. It is believed it was here he met Ludwig Miles van der Rohe and Walter Gropius, the founder and developers of the Bauhaus School of Design. Behrens admired Corbusier’s ethic of mass production and function over style. During World War I, (1914 – 1918) Le Corbusier returned home to teach in his old school. He used this time to work on new theoretical architectural studies. Bringing both of his early influences from his travels together, Le Corbusier designed the ‘Dom-ino House’ 1914-1915 (a combination of the words domicile and innovation). His model proposed an open floor plan detailing concrete slabs supported by a minimal number of thin, reinforced concrete pillars around the edges with a stairway providing  ¬access to each level. This house was intended for mass production, but was also flexible: none of the walls were load-bearing and so the interior could be re-arranged to the occupant’s specifications. This became the foundation for most of Le Corbusier’s work; instead of building horizontally, he built vertically. It could house more residents, and lower the impact on natural areas. It is easy to believe that this idea of ‘open plan living’ has been revolutionary.Show MoreRelatedLa Roche House, By Le Corusier And Pierre Jeanneret2143 Words   |  9 Pagesconstructed from 1923 to 1925 by Le Corusier and Pierre Jeanneret. The originality lies in the linkage of two separate spaces, both operating different activities : an art gallery and private apartment of the householder and painting collector, Raoul Le Rouche. 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Le Corbusier, born Charles Édouard Jeanneret, was born into an artistic family in 1877 in a small village in Switzerland. His mother was a pianist and his father was a designer of watch dials. Even though he learnedRead MoreUnitÃÆ' © DHabitation, Marseille, France by Le Corbusier.1434 Words   |  6 PagesUnità © dHabitation, Marseille, France by Le Corbusier. Subject – History. By - Kalyani Kharade. Date- /01/2013 Abstract: The report gives a brief overview about the housing project by Le Corbusier. Unità © dHabitation designed by Le Corbusier introduced the concept of â€Å" vertical garden city†Read MoreThe Photographic Representation Of One Building1549 Words   |  7 PagesMany famous architects have had their architecture promoted using photographs carefully constructed by a favourite photographer of theirs. Le Corbusier had Lucien Hervà ©. The well-known American photographer, Julius Shulman produced iconic photography of the Stahl house or Case Study House #22 by Pierre Koenig. 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Red Robin Restaurant Evaluation Free Essays

Red Robin Restaurant Evaluation DeVry University Red Robin Restaurant Evaluation The theme for all Red Robin restaurants is â€Å"Red Robin†¦. Yum! † When thinking about this statement you really have to think about all that encompasses. What makes the food so good? Does the atmosphere make the yum factor even better? What about the staff how do they contribute to the yum factor of the food? For this evaluation I would like to explore this yum factor and truly understand what makes the Red Robin chain of restaurants stick with yum as a marketing tool to entice customers to come in. We will write a custom essay sample on Red Robin Restaurant Evaluation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firstly we will explore the atmosphere of the Red Robin restaurants and how the atmosphere adds to the yum factor. When you first walk into a Red Robin restaurant you are greeted by a friendly hostess who joyfully takes you and your party to your table. Once you are seated your server comes over to greet you and take your drink order. This is great for the yum factor because no one like to eat food in the mist of negativity, when you are in a place where the atmosphere is negative it just makes your whole entire experience bad. The one down side to this is that at times if you have children, you are still in the process of settling in; you are not quite ready for your server to come by and take your drink order because you have not even looked at the menu. Secondly we must discuss the staff and how they add to the yum factor for Red Robin restaurants. The staff at Red Robin is for about 95% of the time the friendliest and warm restaurant staff you will encounter. The staffs at Red Robin restaurants are very accommodating for anyone who needs to place a special order. They are also good about getting food to children first, especially if it is later in the evening and they are hungry. This ability to get what I desire to eat the way that I desire it without having to be reprimanded for substituting this for that or adding this or that, makes the yum factor so much better because it is truly what I want. However, the one con that I have seen of the Red Robin staff is that, they are not prepared for last minute large parties. There have been times when a group of friends have decided to just go and have a great time eating together, the staff takes about thirty minutes to get their selves together to be able to accommodate the crew. Lastly, we must discuss what makes the food so good and how it makes the yum factor. The food at Red Robin consists of burgers, French fries, select chicken products, salads and sandwich wraps. The burgers are considered gourmet because they have more than just your typical bacon, cheese, ketchup and mustard. The food theme for Red Robin is classic comfort with a twist of class to heighten your taste buds. On the other hand when it comes to the food some may find that the classiness of some of the items is too much for them. Some people just want a simple cheeseburger with no muss or fuss, and with all the gourmet burgers this may be a turnoff to those people. The uniqueness of the food is what gives Red Robin the yum factor, the food is comforting and the flavors are bold. In conclusion you can clearly understand how the staff, atmosphere and food at Red Robin restaurants live up you their motto â€Å"Red Robin†¦Yum! † When you have a great atmosphere, great staff, and food that delivers’ on the taste, you have a great recipe for the yum factor. When you are choosing a place to eat you want to choose a place where you have the full yum factor effect. Some restaurants may just have one or two elements of the yum factor, but if you are looking for a place with all three yum factors, then Red Robin is the restaurant for you. How to cite Red Robin Restaurant Evaluation, Papers

Red Robin Restaurant Evaluation Free Essays

Red Robin Restaurant Evaluation DeVry University Red Robin Restaurant Evaluation The theme for all Red Robin restaurants is â€Å"Red Robin†¦. Yum! † When thinking about this statement you really have to think about all that encompasses. What makes the food so good? Does the atmosphere make the yum factor even better? What about the staff how do they contribute to the yum factor of the food? For this evaluation I would like to explore this yum factor and truly understand what makes the Red Robin chain of restaurants stick with yum as a marketing tool to entice customers to come in. We will write a custom essay sample on Red Robin Restaurant Evaluation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firstly we will explore the atmosphere of the Red Robin restaurants and how the atmosphere adds to the yum factor. When you first walk into a Red Robin restaurant you are greeted by a friendly hostess who joyfully takes you and your party to your table. Once you are seated your server comes over to greet you and take your drink order. This is great for the yum factor because no one like to eat food in the mist of negativity, when you are in a place where the atmosphere is negative it just makes your whole entire experience bad. The one down side to this is that at times if you have children, you are still in the process of settling in; you are not quite ready for your server to come by and take your drink order because you have not even looked at the menu. Secondly we must discuss the staff and how they add to the yum factor for Red Robin restaurants. The staff at Red Robin is for about 95% of the time the friendliest and warm restaurant staff you will encounter. The staffs at Red Robin restaurants are very accommodating for anyone who needs to place a special order. They are also good about getting food to children first, especially if it is later in the evening and they are hungry. This ability to get what I desire to eat the way that I desire it without having to be reprimanded for substituting this for that or adding this or that, makes the yum factor so much better because it is truly what I want. However, the one con that I have seen of the Red Robin staff is that, they are not prepared for last minute large parties. There have been times when a group of friends have decided to just go and have a great time eating together, the staff takes about thirty minutes to get their selves together to be able to accommodate the crew. Lastly, we must discuss what makes the food so good and how it makes the yum factor. The food at Red Robin consists of burgers, French fries, select chicken products, salads and sandwich wraps. The burgers are considered gourmet because they have more than just your typical bacon, cheese, ketchup and mustard. The food theme for Red Robin is classic comfort with a twist of class to heighten your taste buds. On the other hand when it comes to the food some may find that the classiness of some of the items is too much for them. Some people just want a simple cheeseburger with no muss or fuss, and with all the gourmet burgers this may be a turnoff to those people. The uniqueness of the food is what gives Red Robin the yum factor, the food is comforting and the flavors are bold. In conclusion you can clearly understand how the staff, atmosphere and food at Red Robin restaurants live up you their motto â€Å"Red Robin†¦Yum! † When you have a great atmosphere, great staff, and food that delivers’ on the taste, you have a great recipe for the yum factor. When you are choosing a place to eat you want to choose a place where you have the full yum factor effect. Some restaurants may just have one or two elements of the yum factor, but if you are looking for a place with all three yum factors, then Red Robin is the restaurant for you. How to cite Red Robin Restaurant Evaluation, Papers

The Life and Work of Hong Lysa-Free-Samples-Myassignementhelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Life and Work of Hong Lysa. Answer: Introduction Southeast Asian Studies refers to education and research on the culture, languages and history of different ethnic groups and states of Southeast Asia. There are several scholars, which had a great impact on the studies in the Southeast Asian region. They have supported the education, history and culture in the area. Conducting the study about any scholar may assist in understanding the history of that region or particular country. Here, the chosen scholar is Hong Lysa, who is a famous Singaporean historian. The job of a historian is very difficult, because they need to do the work of reviewing and understanding the past. When the people require the detailed information about the history or past, they prefer to approach historians. These people publish the books and writings about all the topics, different types of people and places. This essay includes different aspects related to Hong Lysa, such as; her writings, books, biography, legacy etc. Different websites and journals have be en searched to collect the data about the work of Hong Lysa. There are different books, which have beliefs, facts and traditions related to the life, career and interests of Hong Lysa. Her writings have a significant impact on the field. The books, which are authored by Hong are assisting the government and political activists in managing the history of nation. It can assist the country in managing its culture and education among students. The books of Hong Lysa are very much focused on the learning and teaching for the students, so they are very useful to the students, who are interested in studying history (Blackburn, 2016). This essay will assist in understanding the books and life of Hong Lysa as a scholar in her field. Furthermore, it will have the discussion about the people, who were very important in the life of Hong Lysa and who have motivated her to become an active historian in Thailand and Singapore. About Dr. Hong Lysa Dr. Hong Lysa is a popular historian, who was born in a Singaporean middle class family. She had completed her studies from primary right up to pre-university at CHIV Victoria Street. Currently, it is known as CHIJMES. Then, Hong entered in the phase of adulthood after the completion of her tertiary studies. She had done her education from a well-known university, i.e. University of Singapore. Then after, she had completed her PhD course from Sydney University, Australia. After the completion of this course, she was known as Dr. Hong Lysa. Dr. Hong Lysa is a historian, who worked on 19th century history of Thailand prior to turning to the history of Singapore (Gomes, 2016). From 1984 to 2000, she had worked as a historian and researcher in National University of Singapore (NUS). National University of Singapore is one of the top ranked universities in the world. In this period, she was working as a member of History Department and simultaneously from 1992, Southeast Asia Education Program. After leaving her academic center, which she was having, Dr. Hong Lysa has worked as an independent writer and researcher. In addition to this, she is also involved in politics of the history writing in Singapore country (Spector, et al, 2014). Hong Lysa possesses different skills and abilities in her field, such as; effective communication skills, research and investigative skills, ability to evaluate and predict the required data and information and interest in culture, society and human behavior. She has all the essential skills, which assisted Hong in enhancing her image and popularity in this discipline. People can follow her on her blog, although she denies that she does not update her blog routinely. Link for her blog is https://minimyna.wordpress.com/. The comments on this blog are very much important, when they are related to history. Moreover, people can follow her works and contributions on an e-journal website, i.e. www.s-pores.com. Dr. Hong is a founding person of this e-journal website, which provides students new directions in the studies in Singapore. Hong Lysa is one of the publishers of The 1963 Operation Coldstore in Singapore that was published in the year 2013 (Caruth, 2016). There are various books and writings of Dr. Hong Lysa, which are influential for the society and students in the country. Along with her books, she has also published on history and historiography of Thailand and Singapore as well. She was very good scholar as she has argued that native scholars do not require to justify their focus on nation and in fact have a captivating sense of mission in doi ng their own work and tasks, which generally cannot be separated from their roles and responsibilities as the members of that particular society (Chong, Hye-Kyung Lim, 2014). There are various books and contents, which are authored and co-authored by Dr. Hong Lysa. Before discussing about her own work on the history of Singapore and Thailand, here is the discussion about her scholarly interests. The scholarly interests include different work and writings of other authors. These are some books and writings, which are very important to the life of Dr. Hong and meant most to Hong. Some of these books are stated below; Tan Jing Quee and Jomo KS,Comet in our Sky: Lim Chin Siong in History(2001) Michel-Rolph Trouillot,Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History(1995) Shahid Amin,Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura 1922-1992(1995) Rachel Leow,Taming Babel: Language in the Making of Malaysia(2017) There are some titles of books, which motivate her to perform and execute the things in an effective manner. By looking at these titles or themes, it can be realized that this Singaporean Historian is very passionate about the power and how it impacts the heritage or past records (Entwistle, 2015). Tan Jing Quee and Jomo KS,Comet in our Sky: Lim Chin Siong in History(2001) is one of the most preferred books for Dr. Hong Lysa. This book is the combination of personal and academic reflections on Lim Chin Siong, who was a magnetic political person in the post war history of Singapore Country. Lim was the founding person in the Peoples action Party (PAP) that is well-known political party in the country (Harrison, Jackson, 2010). He was a rising political star in 1960s. After considering the facts, it can be seen that on the book of Lim Chin Siong, the scholar Dr. Hong stated that she realized that this book was the path breaking art in order to reduce the re-launching the inhibited past of post-war history of Singapore. On this, the author also stated that Dr. Hong feels very strong about providing the voice to the relegated, silenced and forgotten voice of countrys strategy (Wee, 2002). Moreover, Michel-Rolph Trouillot,Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History(1995) is another book, which is she waiting for me. Hong Lysa is interested in this book and learned so many things from this writing. Silencing the Past is one of the thought provoking evaluation of historical structure. Hong is very much passionate about the history, so that it liked very much about this book (Lau, 2013). This book gives various examples, which range from the Haitian Revolution to Columbus Day. About this book, Hong stated that this was a classic and important work on historiography and the book starts with a very interested notion, i.e. there are two aspects of the history, i.e. one is socio-historical process and another one is historical description. This book is very useful for the historians and other authors, who like to make sense of unclear work. Thus, this is the major reason that Hong is interested in this book and preferred it as her scholarly interest (King, 2015). The information and knowledge about these aspects assist the chosen scholar in attaining her goals and publishing its books on the basis of given past information and records about the country (Trouillot, 1995). Every person has an ideal in his/her life, from whom he/she learned to work and get motivation and they are known as influencers. These people get the credits of a successful career. There are some individuals, to whom Hong credits, like; Craig Reynolds, Maurizio Peleggi, Nidhi Aeusriwongse, Chatthip Nartsupha, Kasian Tejapira and Thongchai Winichakul. These people have been the most motivating and inspirational for selected scholar, i.e. Dr Hong Lysa (Yang, et al, 2015). Craig Reynolds: Craig Reynolds was first PhD supervisor, who was working with the Cornell School of Thai Studies. Lysa considers Reynolds as revolutionary, because he broke away from classical area of Thailands monarchy approaches and not focusing on the students using the area. The focus is on the student rising in the year 1973 Bangkok and overthrow after 3 years (Lim, et al, 2014). Maurizio Peleggi: Moreover, professor Peleggi is her colleague from the similar division and he is still teaching in the same department of National University of Singapore. In the case of Hong Lysa, it was very interesting that she recognized scholars only from Thailand as motivational peers and there were not domestic colleagues were provided. Here, it can be assumed that it might be that her foundations were built on the history of Thailand that had created her opinions and thinking but Hong clarified that the actual reason behind this is that she always believed that these Thai scholars were more public intellects, intensely connected with the communities and societies, not only in the academic history (Lysa, 2016). Chatthip Nartsupha: Chatthip Nartssupha is another person, who motivated and inspired Hong Lysa to work as a historian. Nartcupha is the senior lecturer of Economic History at Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok. Hong believed that he is the person, who loves to take challenges in the field. He is also from Thailand culture. Apart from above mentioned names, there are two more names, such as; Kasian Tejapira and Thongchai Winichakul. These people are also from the Thailand. Thus, from above names, it can be noted that most of the people in her list of influencers and compatriots is from Thai culture. In this context, Hong Lysa believed that there are not historians from Singapore currently, who succeed as one. Hong is one of the PhD. Scholar, who performed her field work by communicating with Thai youth activists. She was having more trust on Thai people than Singaporeans, as they supported her in her beginning phase. It assisted her in establishing herself in academic career and finally her different interests in the inhibited and marginalized segments of the countrys society. Thus, these are the people, to whom Hong Lysa wants to give her credits for her success as a historian in Singapore. After discussing the books and writings about other authors, this is the time to explain about the work and writings apart from these. There are so many books, which are published by Hong Lysa. These books are authored or co-authored by her, such as; living in a time of deception (2016), The 1963 Operation Coldstore in Singapore: Commemorating 50 Years (2013), The May 13 Generation: The Chinese Middle Schools Student Movement and Singapore Politics in the 1950s (2011) and The Scripting of a National History: Singapore and its Pasts (2008). She is the co-publisher of Dr. Poh Soo Kais historical way staying in the time, when living in a time of deception has been published in the year 2016 (Lysa, 2016). From these books, two of these theories are explored and information regarding both the books is included in the next slide of given presentation. Since late 90s, there are so many publications, which indicate developing new academic trends in the post-war history of Singapore. This modern trend makes the case for pragmatic theory, which operates counter to the national narrative and state discourse (Seng, Tan, 2016). Living in a time of deception (2016) This is one of the most powerful content, which is given by Hong Lysa and Poh Soo Kai. It is powerful and well-researched and organized history of Singapore country, which will be precious for the scholars and other people, like; aspiring political activists, expecting for a more democratic country. By looking at this, it can be said that books like this is necessary to publish of freeing the mind of Singaporean people, which is only just the starting. This was the first book that includes the account of history of Singapore in the 1950s and 1960s together (Limqueco, 2016). By looking at this book, it can be said that the author exposes the facts and figures about the history and it also provides tactics and strategies to the politicians and activists. The Scripting of a National History: Singapore and its Pasts (2008) This volume wants to state that it is co-authored by Huang Jianli and Hong Lysa. It is other addition to the sequence of editions, which have developed over the months or thus, as an important trend in the Singapore history alternative. This new and modern trend mainly focuses on making the case of revolutionist and alternative narrative as a security to set discourse and national narrative. It answers different questions, like; What is the national narrative? Has anyone heard about the history of Singapore It emphasizes on the different aspects of Singapore history, such as; historiographical analysis of formulation of story of Singapore, forgotten history and the opting method used by the talking. From this volume, it will be appeared that other groups played fairly unimportant roles in the post-war enquiry (Lysa, Huang, 2008). This book is the success story sponsored by state that states how the country has developed from the poor country to the international economically successful country in less than 3 generations. Therefore, it is very significant to study this book for understanding the literature, which includes those that make efforts to revisionist assessment of different ethnic histories of de-colonization of Singapore. The Scripting of a National History includes total 12 chapters, from which most of them were published between the year 1998 and year 2007. The book is divided into three parts; first part is Scripture, part two Chinese issue of Singapore. In the conclusion part, Hong consists of a brief discussion about the reception of history via instances of student thinking and learning about the countrys history through evaluations of Singapore story and National Education (Lysa, Huang, 2008). Moreover, this book is very useful to assist in understanding how Lee Kuan Yew and team introduced new approaches and policies and executed them to falsify this new country in South East Asia. The 1963 Operation Coldstore in Singapore: Commemorating 50 Years (2013) Operation coldstore was one of the most contentious events in the history of postcolonial Singapore. Despite the efforts by the state to peaceful ex-detainees, by giving them warning that they will not be allowed to restate the states official version of countrys history. The scholars in this book or volume have done this. They have put on their viewpoints of events. Under this, the autobiographical component in the narrative carries to the life what the people went through as political actors from left-side, who had given the response to the call of anti-colonialism and the threat of building a new community (Kai, Fang, Lysa, 2013). In this context, Hong Lysa has stated that operation coldstore was essential for the national safety and security that is at the heart of the PAP myth. The authors in the books have attempted to undermine and question the national narrative or the story of Singapore, by penetrating the historiographical methods of the narrative state, that data and figures, which have been left, and the characteristics and types of these omissions. This paper also indicates the inherent stabilities, personified in the past figures and data, key events and how these nations to be oppressed by the political leaders of Singapore to bring something relevance of the history to the present. By considering both, the author offers a strong argument and simple account of the prospective state of the country narrative up to its present (Montesano, 2013). Specifically, the scholars make an argument that it is possible to distinguish how the country narrative has been decided to a large level by the stronger perspective of Lee Kuan Yew. His views and experiences with the Chinese society built the country narrative, which has gone ahead to dominate the social me mory of existing Singaporeans. Under this process, places and individuals are chosen, designated and convened about the historical importance to strengthen the narrative currency, which has been established. If the approach of scripting offered a principal alternative that is omitted part of history of Singapore, operation coldstore offers a particular account of any event, which has been elapsed in the history of country. In the year 1963, more than 100 candidates of political opposition were frightened very much and thrown in the confinement directly without any trial process as they opposed the British PAP merger and acquisition with Malaya (Naughton, 2015). These political activists were named as communists but it actual they were not the communists. Although they might be proud nationalists in Singapore, which were anti-colonialists, which only work opposite to a UK Sponsored merger. There are some of these detainees, who were the compatriots of LKY and they were searching for the members and candidates of the PAP party like Poh Soo Kai and Lim Chin Siong. ISA is used today also and it is a principle for the national safety and security in the states people eyes (Ngoi, 2015). In the field of History, the efforts and work of Hong Lysa have made various improvements and developments. The scholar has focused on the country and students while publishing her books. In one of her books, Hong included different things related to student learning and teaching about the Singapore history. Through this, the scholar notices that students are very important of the countys history that they learn in the schools since this history refuses space for optional versions (Rist, 2014). The books and other writings of Dr. Hong Lysa assisted the people in understanding about the history of Singapore and other aspects. It assisted the political groups in enhancing the situations in the communities and society. The succinct account of work of Hong about the political economists will be significant value to the scholars, whether they are Thai specialists or not. It is considerable for all, who want to gain the knowledge about the history and other critiques, which may impact the growth of country in the coming future. These books of the scholar states that Singapore today is the outcome of what Hong Lysa did to the historical and political approaches and methods in the previous years (Poh, Chen, Hong, 2013). The publication of these books is very important for the people in the country as it assists them in understanding different aspects, like; their human rights, heritage, culture and other essential things. Conclusion Dr. Hong Lysa is working as a Senior Visiting Fellow in the History Division of Singapore. In Southeast Asian region, she is guiding the students with her knowledge and experiences. From the above analysis, it can be concluded that the life and work of Hong Lysa affected the society, community and all over the country, i.e. Singapore. As a popular historian, Hong has served the students with her knowledge and made them familiar about the history of Singapore. The above essay is prepared on the basis of given presentation. The essay includes different aspects related to Hong Lysas life. It includes the biography about this historian. Hong is a popular academic historian, who has worked in National University of Singapore. Then, he started to work independently as writer and historian. There are so many books and writings, which are authored by Hong. The discussion includes some of the books of Hongs, like; living in a time of deception (2016), The 1963 Operation Coldstore in Singapore : Commemorating 50 Years (2013), The May 13 Generation: The Chinese Middle Schools Student Movement and Singapore Politics in the 1950s (2011) and The Scripting of a National History: Singapore and its Pasts (2008). A detailed description is given about two books only, which evaluates the skills and capabilities of Hong as an effective historian in Singapore. It includes some people, who inspired Hong to become a better historian. Most of these people are from Thai culture. It is very important to gain the knowledge about the history of your country as it can assist in learning and other communication proces References Blackburn, K. (2016). 4 Battlefield tourism in Singapore.War Memory and Commemoration, 53. Caruth, C. (2016).Unclaimed experience: Trauma, narrative, and history. JHU Press. Chong, T., Hye-Kyung, L., Lim, L. (2014). Bureaucratic imaginations in the global city: arts and culture in Singapore.Cultural Policies in East Asia: Dynamics between the State, Arts and Creative Industries, 17-34. Entwistle, N. (Ed.). (2015).Handbook of Educational Ideas and Practices (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Gomes, C. (2016). Liking it, not loving it: International students in Singapore and their navigation of everyday life in transience.The Asia-Pacific in the Age of Transnational Mobility: The Search for Community and Identity on and Through Social Media,1, 87. Harrison, R.V. Jackson, P.A. (2010). The Ambiguous Allure of the West:Traces of the Colonial in Thailand. Hong Kong University Press.Kai, P. S., Fang, T. K., Lysa, H. (2013). The 1963 Operation Coldstore in Singapore.King, V. T. (2015). Nature contained: Environmental histories of Singapore.Journal of Southeast Asian Studies,46(1), 163.Lau, A. (2013). Singapore in Global History.Pacific Affairs,86(1), 195-197. Limqueco, P. (2016). Living in a Time of Deception, Poh Soo Kai (Singapore Petaling Jaya: Function 8 Pusat Sejarah Rakyat, 2016). Lim, S., Yang, W. W., Leong, C. H., Hong, J. (2014). Reconfiguring the Singapore identity space: Beyond racial harmony and survivalism.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,43, 13-21. Lysa, H. Huang, J. (2008). The Scripting of a National History:Singapore and Its Pasts. NUS Press.Lysa, H. (2016). A City-State as Migrant Nation: Singapore from the Colonial to the Asian Modern. InSites of Modernity(pp. 65-84). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.Montesano, M. (2013). Studying Singapore's Past: CM Turnbull and the History of Modern Singapore ed. by Nicholas Tarling.Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society,86(2), 103-105.Naughton, J. (2015).A brief history of the future. Weidenfeld Nicolson. Ngoi, G. P. (2015). Editorial introduction:Malaya reconstructed in contemporary discourse.Inter-Asia Cultural Studies,16(1), 5-8. Poh, S. K., Chen, G., Hong, L. (Eds.). (2013).The 1963 operation coldstore in Singapore: Commemorating 50 years. Strategic Information and Research Development Centre. Rist, G. (2014).The history of development: From western origins to global faith. Zed Books Ltd. Seng, L. K., Tan, K. P. (2016). 3 Convergence and slippage between film and history.Singapore Cinema: New Perspectives,50, 37. Spector, J. M., Merrill, M. D., Elen, J., Bishop, M. J. (Eds.). (2014).Handbook of research on educational communications and technology(pp. 439-451). New York, NY: Springer. Trouillot, M.R. (1995). Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History, Beacon Press. Wee, C. (2002).Comet In Our Sky: Lim Chin Siong In History. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society,75(1 (282)), 121-123. Yang, L., Tan, X., Wang, Z., Zhang, X. (2015). Supramolecular polymers: historical development, preparation, characterization, and functions.Chemical reviews,115(15), 7196-7239.

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Differences Of Lying And Not Telling The Truth

Differences Of Lying And Not Telling The Truth Lying and not-telling the truth are different in their own right, and have moral and ethical implications associated with each one. This is not merely a matter of semantics; it is a matter of substance. By the use of analogy, there are major difference between justified and unjustified homicide. Murder is unjustified homicide and will always be considered wrong by a moral society. Not every instance of killing a person, however, is considered murder. In scenarios of capital punishment and self-defense occasions can justified homicide. Similarly, in the case of a lie there is an unjustified discrepancy between what you believe and what you say, and so lying is may always be considered immoral. In some circumstances, not telling the truth in order to preserve a higher moral law may well be considered the right thing to do and thus is not actually a lie. While Kant asserted that lying, or deception of any kind, should be forbidden under any interpretation and in any circumstance. He stated this because if it is universally acceptable to lie, then no one would believe anyone and all truths would always be assumed to be lies or deceptions. He also stated that the right to deceive an individual couldnt also be used because it would discard the rights of the person being deceived as an end in itself. Therefore, Kant denied the right to lie or deceive any person for any reason, regardless of context or anticipated consequences. While Kant proclaimed this notion of never lying, there are pitfalls in his universalizing. Throughout these examples the pitfalls of Kants universal laws will be exposed. There are several circumstances that not telling the truth wouldnt be considered a lie. For instance in the case of national security, the United States government might omit or falsify information that is given to the public to ultimately protect their own interests or assets. For example, General H. Norman Schwarzkopf during the lead up to the first Gulf War he was known to give many press conferences leading up to the invasion. During these press conferences not all the information that he presented regarding his invasion strategy could be considered a full truth. During this time Schwarzkopf would have falsified information about the invasion date to the media, in effort to deceive them. While knowing that this information was a non-truth, this information mislead the enemy and gave the United States military a strategic advantage. In effect by not-telling the truth, Schwarzkopf gave the military the element of surprise, which could have resulted in saving thousands of American l ives. Should Schwarzkopf be considered a liar in this case? In this case, while Schwarzkopf had been telling false-truths it was done for moral reasons and shouldnt be considered a lie. Since the ends justify the means it is morally acceptable by not telling the truth and it shouldnt be construed as a lie. While in the previous scenario not telling the truth isnt considered lying, there are other situations cannot be interpreted in the same fashion. If an omission of the truth is used to mislead or deceive someone for your own greater ends, or for an immoral goal, then the non-truth cannot be construed in the same way. For instance during the most recent financial collapse many banks and financial firms mislead the country and their clients about the value of different products they were trying to sell. Since their intentions were to mislead, or deceive their clients on the sole purpose to turn a profit, thus it cannot be considered a morally justified act. If the intentions of these firms like Goldman Sachs wasnt done to mislead, but done in the interests of their clients, unknowing the unfortunate consequences. Then this company shouldnt be considered a liar, but unfortunately they knowing lied and mislead their clients. Since the act was done for malice, and for their own greed, the n their act of deception must be considered a blatant lie. While in most cases, such as the ones already presented the distinction between lying and not-telling the truth are made quite clear. On the other hand, these distinctions cannot always be viewed in black and white, but in varying shades of gray. If the intentions of the lie is not done for your own self-interests, or for your own ends, but done in a manner to save a person from embarrassment and humiliation, thus it cannot be considered a lie. For example if a loved one asks am I over weight? While knowing all along the answer is yes is it in their best interest and yours to be absolutely blunt with them? If their condition isnt life threating or will cause ailment to the individual in the future, then the act of lying to protect their feelings isnt morally wrong and should be considered a lie. If your wife asks you does this dress look good? while knowing all along that you dont like the dress, telling her what she wants to hear doesnt harm or effect anyone. If in the situation you have nothing to gain and your purpose is to protect the other person from pain or grief then not telling the truth, may be the right thing to do and therefore morally acceptable. While distinctions between lying or not-telling the truth can be made. Is the omission of details considered lying? For instants lets say you are being interrogated for a crime, during the interrogation you answer all the questions truthfully and only answer the question that was precisely given. Even though you might have committed this crime, should the omission of details shouldnt be considered lying? Its the fault of the interrogator not asking the proper questions during the interview which lead them from not discovering the whole truth. Thus since no false-truths were given to any of the questions the one being interrogated shouldnt be perceived as a liar. Throughout this essay many examples were given to help clarify the distinction between lying and not-telling the truth. In all cases, to label someone a liar certain factors must be met to determine whether an individual telling a lie or just simply not-telling the truth. The most major underlying distinctions between them is the intentions of the person telling the lie. If the lie is done so in a manner that doesnt harm or cause pain to the person, and has moral and ethical intentions, then the person shouldnt be considered a liar. Contrariwise, if the individuals intentions are to deceive or cause harm to another individual, then the intentions are clear on what they wish to achieve, thus should be labeled a liar.

Kazakhstan’s 20 Years of Independence

Kazakhstan’s 20 Years of Independence When Kazakhstan became independent after the collapse of Soviet Union in December 1991, many experts had predicted the collapse of the Central Asian nation under the burden of economic and social problems. But 20 years since then, the country of over 16 million people has become the largest economy in the Central Asian region due to its enormous oil, gas and uranium reserves and bold market economic reforms and political stability in the nation of 130 ethnic groups.According to official figures, Kazakhstan's GDP per capita grew from $700 in 1994 to more than $9,000 last year. In fact the growth was five years ahead of the schedule, and faster than in any other country in the first 20 years of its independence. Kazakhstan held year-long celebrations across the nation to celebrate its success and look towards what needs to be done to maintain the growth curve. The rapid economic and industrial growth of the oil and energy rich nation is attr ibuted to Kazakhstan's concerted efforts to create a stable, investor-friendly environment.Despite the 2008 economic downturn, Kazakhstan retained and attracted a remarkable inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI). Last year, the nation scored among the the top 10 nations attracting FDI in the entire world. According to official figures, the country has attracted $132 billion in FDI in the last 20 years. Officials attribute the reasons to the economic growth to the political stability in the country and some of the bold decisions by President Nursultan Nazarbayev. Nazarbayev moved the capital from Almaty to Astana in December 1997 which has proven to be a critical moment.The new capital has come up as a dynamic centre of a rapidly growing nation and a modern 21st century city of some 750,000 people. The model of inter-ethnic relations that has preserved peace and harmony in the ethnically and religiously diverse society of Kazakhstan is another cause for the countries strong growt h. On the political front, Kazakhstan is now moving towards multi-party democracy with the parliament elections to be conducted in January next year. Kazakhstan was the chair of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in 2010 and hosted the OSCE summit at Astana in December.An Astana Commemorative Declaration was signed, renewing commitment to a better cooperation within the organization of 56 participating states from North America, Europe and Eurasia. In 2011, Kazakhstan also chaired the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, seeking to strengthen it as a critical instrument of promoting multi-faceted cooperation among its six members. And in June, Kazakhstan assumed the one-year presidency in the 57-nation Organization of Islamic Cooperation seeking to promote peace, cooperation and development.

The German Blitz

Where and when did the Blitz start? At 4:56pm on 7 September 1940, the air raid sirens wailed as the luftwaffe (the German Air Force), launched a massive attack on London. Around 350 bombers flew across the English Channel from France and dropped 300 tonnes of bombs on the docks and streets of London. Other places that were affected? Other important military and industrial centres, such as Aberdeen, Belfast, Birmingham, Cardiff, Exeter, Glasgow, Sheffield, Swansea, Liverpool, Manchester, Portsmouth, Plymouth, Nottingham, Brighton, Eastbourne, Sunderland, and Southhampton, suffered heavy air raids and high numbers of casualties. Bootle and Hull were the most badly damaged cities city after London. Birmingham and Coventry were targeted because of the Spitfire and tank factories based in Birmingham and the many munitions factories in Coventry. Who did it affect and where did they go? Around 827,000 Schoolchildren and their teachers were evacuated, 524,000 Mothers with children under five and some pregnant women and disabled people. They were evacuated by trains and via the road to smaller towns in the countryside. Some children went to stay with relatives but most were sent to live with complete strangers. Where did people go during the air raids? As the night raids became so frequent, many people who were tired of repeatedly interrupting their sleep to go back and forth to the shelters, virtually took up residence in a shelter. There was different types of air raid shelters, there was the anderson shelter which were small corrugated iron shelters half buried in the ground with earth heaped on top to protect them from bomb blasts. Another type of shelter was the morrison shelter, it was made specifically for people without gardens, it was made from heavy steel and could also be used as a table, people sheltered underneath it during a raid. On September 21, 1940 the London Underground started to be used as an air raid shelter. On the busiest night in 1940, 177,000 people slept on platforms. In other parts of Britain caves where used to shelter in. When did the blitz stop? The Blitz ended in mid-may 1941 due to German Planes being sent to the east of Europe to prepare for the invasion of Russia.

Using the Spanish Verb Venir

Venir is a common Spanish verb with a variety of meanings. Fortunately, many of them can be translated using the English verb to come, which also has numerous meanings. Venir is a cousin of English -vent words such as invent and convent as well of venue and venire (a legal term). Keep in mind that venir  is conjugated irregularly, having forms such as vengo (I come) and vendrà ¡n (they will come). Using Venir To Refer to Coming From a Place Most commonly, venir is used to talk about coming to or arriving at a place: Cuando yo vine a California fui a Disneylandia. (When I came to California, I went to Disneyland.)Venimos en bus con un maestro y pagamos por nuestro transporte. (We came by bus with a teacher and paid for our own transportation.)Tenà ­a sà ³lo un aà ±o cuando vino desde Espaà ±a. (He was only a year old when he came from Spain.) ¡Ven aquà ­! (Come here!)No vienen hasta las 14.30. (They arent coming until 2:30 p.m.) In context, venir can convey the idea of coming back or returning: No vengas a mà ­. (Tà ­tulo de cancià ³n) (Dont come back to me. (song title))Es importante que vengas temprano. (Its important you come back early.) Using Venir To Point Out Qualities Venir can mean to include, to be, or to have, often in a way that can be translated by to come: El primer iPad no viene con webcam. (The first iPad doesnt come with (include) a webcam.)Estas bicicletas vienen de Surinam. (These bicycles are (come) from Suriname.)El à ºnico que viene con excusas eres tà º. (The only one who comes with (has) excuses is you.)Las servilletas vienen en distintos tamaà ±os. (The napkins come (are) in different sizes.)Viene en caja sellada. (It comes (is) in a sealed box.) Especially when used with bien or mal, venir can be used to indicate suitability: No ser muy famoso me viene bien. (Not being very famous is fine with me.)A ningà ºn paà ­s le viene mal la globalizacià ³n. (Globalization doesnt serve any country poorly.)Al libro le venà ­a bien la promocià ³n. (The promotion was good for the book.) Using Venir With a Gerund Venir can be used as an auxiliary verb with the gerund (also known as the present participle) to indicate a continuing action, often in an increasingly intense way. Hace mucho tiempo que se viene hablando de la necesidad de una nueva constitucià ³n. (The need for a new constitution has been talked about and talked about for a long time.)El presidente viene sufriendo derrota tras derrota. (The president continues to suffer defeat after defeat.)El chofer del camià ³n venà ­a hablando por telà ©fono. (The truck driver kept on talking on a telephone.)   Using Venirse The reflexive form, venirse, like the standard form, can mean to come from a place. But it places more emphasis on where the thing or person has come from. La rumba se vino de Miami. (The rumba came from Miami. La rumba vino de Miami might be translated the same way, but making the verb reflexive calls extra attention to Miami, perhaps because the fact of the sentence may be surprising.)Los turistas se vienen de otros paà ­ses. (The tourists are coming from other countries.)Necesitaremos agua por quà © nos venimos del desierto. (We will need water because we are coming from the desert.) The reflexive can also suggest that the verbs action was sudden or unexpected: Era lo primero que se vino a cabeza. (It was the first thing that came to mind.)Otra hipà ³tesis es que el puente se vino abajo por la fragilidad de sus pilares. (Another theory is that the bridge came down because of the fragility of its pillars.)Los vientos se vinieron de un solo golpe. (The winds came suddenly in a single blow.) Key Takeaways Venir can usually be translated as to come, whether it is used to mean coming from a place or to have a certain quality.Venir can be used with gerunds to indicate continuous action.The reflexive venirse can be used to emphasize the origins of where someone is coming from or to emphasize the suddenness of an action.