Stem cell research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Stem cell research - Essay Example The usability of stem cell therapy is wide but for this the destruction of young life cannot be allowed on ethical grounds. Stem cell research could pave way to a medical world where solution can be sort out for many fatal diseases but the brutality involved in it cannot be disregarded. Human embryo in any way cannot be suggested to be employed for the research or for the treatment purpose. The consequences and medical ethical point of view to stem cell research is important to study as it is connected with the destruction of a budding life. Stem cells are living from of human and it contains DNA and destruction of one life should never be a ladder to the life of another. The information and facts for this study has been in qualitative form as it is obtained from internet sources, books and journals. A thorough study of literature has been conducted and analysis and assessments are drawn accordingly. The Stem cell research Stem cells are undifferentiated cells of dualistic nature fou nd in human embryos and animal’s .The stem cells while remaining undifferentiated has the capability to expand or can differentiate and contribute to the development or repair of tissues of the body. In the website (Deem,2009)writes that â€Å"According to many stem cell researchers, embryonic stem cells are the preferred stem cells for cell-based therapies. Although they tend be more versatile than adult stem cells, other sources (including umbilical cord stem cells) have proven to be just as versatile†. The remarkable potentiality of the stem cells to develop in to different cell type is the advantage many scientists want to make use in future. Recently scientist has used only two types of stems cells namely: embryonic stem cells and non – embryonic stem cells. The stem cells present in the embryos have the unique capability of regenerating when introduced in the body of diseased or injured person. Stem cells have the potentiality in treating people suffering from heart diseases and diabetes. Stem cells are different from other cells present in the body. Unlike blood cells, nerve cells or muscle cells which do not replicate stem cells have the ability to replicate. Presently the scientist is under the process of studying the signaling pattern inside and outside each stem cell with their differentiating process. The majority of research and laboratory activities regarding the advantages of stem cells on human health are still yet to begin. Stem cell research also throws light upon the specific properties of stem cells and their contribution to attain new drugs and treatment. Pros and Cons of stem cell research The pros and cons of stem cell research related to embryonic cells can be described as follows. Pros Most people and scientists think that with the help of stem cells from embryo many diseases suffered by the people can be minimized Many people think that stem cells can help scientist in studying and observing the diffentiating proc ess it undergoes through replicating. Some people assume that ,stem cells can help in reproducing major organs of people who are diseased hence prolonging their life expectancy There is argument in scientific world that the excess embryo generated for the in vitro fertilization should be destroyed or utilized for research purpose. The embryo has many vital stem cells than adult cells and cord cells and is

Article Review (human resource management) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Review (human resource management) - Article Example e, the best performing companies are in a league of organizations that have shifted their focus from development and expansion of facilities to personal development. These include McDonald’s, General Electric, American Express, among others. In a survey carried out by Chief Executive Magazine involving more than 300 global firms, almost all respondents ranked identifying and finding the right leaders as the biggest challenge, with prospects of demand for leadership increasing to the future (Maxwell, 2006). This implies that companies in addition to experiencing challenges in creating a pipeline of leaders within their operations have also to develop new skills and capabilities in accordance with business transformations, investing in leading technologies, and globalizing their operations, in addition to entering into new challenging partnerships. Sam Palmisano, President and CEO of IBM explained that the biggest challenge for companies in embracing globalization, and the main aspect that drives businesses in the current sophisticated market is and has been obtaining and retaining a supply of â€Å"high value skills† (Palmisano, 2006). This explains the strategic decisions by leading companies such as MacDonald’s to review development of the leading 200 managers in ensuring their talents are in tandem with the current market dynamics, and finding ways of imparting more skills to make them more competitive; this puts them in line with the current management demands in a highly dynamic global market. On the other hand, maintaining a high degree of strategic, cultural, and internal fit within an organization ensures such an organization has a perfect system of practices; an organization must not only focus on talent management, but has also to take interests in â€Å"organization learning and knowledge management† (Evans, Pucik & Barsoux, 2002). Therefore, companies will always attain a competitive advantage not only in designing best pr actices, but because

The Lucifer Effect: How Good People Turn Evil

The Lucifer Effect: How Good People Turn Evil In Lucifer Effect Dr Zimbardo discusses his Stanford Prison Experiment conducted in 1971 in relevance to the prison abuses in Abu Ghraib in 2003. It is a shocking book presenting the transformation from an average good person into a bad brutal individual; the metamorphosis from Lucifer into Satan. At the same time Dr Zimbardo explains how this transformation is possible, how group dynamics and situational factors, maintained by the system influence human behaviour to create monsters even of normal good people. Moreover, Zimbardo discusses how to defend ourselves from becoming an evil. At the end he presents the victory of heroism and give a hope everyone is also able to do the most heroic acts. Body: What makes good people do bad things? This is a disturbing question which occupies our mind remembering the mass murders such as those of Cambodia, Darfur, Rwanda, Holocaust or May Lai. Would Holocaust occur again, Askenasy asks in his book Are we all Nazis? (in Blass, 1992). Milgram answers that if a system of death camps were set up in the United States of the sort we had seen in Nazi Germany, one would be able to find sufficient personnel for those camps in any medium-sized American town (CBS News, 1979, p. 7-8 cited in Blass, 1999, p. 956). Although most people would deny it claiming they could never be like them. (Blass, 2004, p. 35-36; Meyer, p. 71) surprisingly the examples from history and research studies have shown that everyone is capable of acting even in the most horrifying ways depending on the situational circumstances. People often underestimate the impact of the external factors because they cannot admit how easily they could be manipulated by situational forces, the concept known as fundamental attribution error (Jones Harris, 1967; Gilbert and Malone, 1995; Gilbert, 1998; Zimbardo, 1990). The studies on obedience (Baumrind, 1964; Burger, 2007; Burley McGuiness, 1977; Glasser, 1971; Halberstam, 1965; Kaufmann, 1967; Kilham Mann, 1974; Meeus Raaijmakers, 1987; Mantell, 1971; Milgram, 1963; 1965; 1974, p. 195; Ring, Wallston, Corey, 1970; Shanab Yahya, 1977, 1978; Sullivan, 1963; Taylor, 1970;), institutional aggression (Johnson, 1986; 1998), mass killings and genocides (Browing, 1993, Katz, 2004; Staub 1989; Waller, 2002) have indicated that violence is not determined by dispositional factors but it is a product of a situation. What social psychology has given to an understanding of human nature is the discovery that forces larger than ourselves determine our mental life and our actions chief among these forces is the power of the social situation (Banaji, 2001, p. 15). We dont have to look far to find an example of a blind authority follower. The Nazi leader Adolf Eichmann was an ordinary citizen who was charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity in the Nuremberg Trial in 1961 while he was just doing his job (Arendt, 1963, p. 135), only following orders (Zimbardo 2007, p. 218). Hanna Arendt helps us to understand that the Holocaust was not executed by fanatics but by normal people who accepted the state rules and therefore perceived their actions as normal. (Waxman, 2009). Anyone can be seduced to act wrong (Zimbardo 2004, p. 25). The Eichmann was not an exception; the manpower of Nazis in Final Solution was supported even by average elderly German citizens (Browning, 1993, p.16). The question what makes people act in the destructive ways has been long answered blaming the defective genes, the bad seeds responsible for pathological behaviour (Haney, Banks, Zimbardo, 1973b; Zimbardo, 2004, p. 21, 24). Starting from the landmark study, Stanf ord Prison Experiment (SPE) (Haney et al.,1973; Zimbardo, 1989; Zimbardo, Maslach, Haney, 2000) Lucifer Effect challenges this notion and argues that people act in the inhumane ways because they get poisoned by external factors, by a moment of a situation (Lewin, 1951) which is often supported by the bad system giving permission for a pathological behavior (Zimbardo, 2007). Stanford Prison Study shows the power of institution to influence the individual. It describes the transformation of normal, average students into aggressive, sadistic guards or passive, helpless and emotionally devastated prisoners playing the roles in the mock prison created in the dungeon of Stanford University. The study predicted for two weeks had to be terminated just only in 6 days because of the emotional breakdown of 5 of the students (Zimbardo, 1971; Zimbardo et al., 2000; 2004, p. 40). Dr Zimbardo saw the SPE as the parallel to the controversial abuses in Abu Ghraib (AG), which shaken the morality of the world in 2004 (p. 324; A Human Rights Watch Report [HRW], 2004; 2005; Stannard, 2004; Kersten Sidky, 2005; Dorf 2010; Zimbardo). The unbelievable humiliations of Iraqi detainees by American soldiers, who abused them in a number of horrifying ways (p. 357; Schlesinger et al., 2004; Taguba, 2004; Fay, 2004, p. 4) was not a surprise for Dr Zimbardo who saw it in SPE where prisoners became numbers inducing their powerless and dependence, were dehumanized and involved in humiliating tasks (p. 219; Haney et al, 1973b; Zimbardo et al., 2009). President Bush described the AG events as the incidents of few bad apples (Landford, 2009; Associated Press, 2005; Childs, 2005; Fox News, 2004; HRW, 2004; 2005) who were punished in the names of justice (HRW, 2005). Zimbardo, an expert witness for one of the guards, argues that there were not rotten apples, which should have been f ound guilty but it was the fault of the bad barrel which corrupted everything inside it (Zimbardo, 2008). Like in SPE good people were put in a bad, psychologically unhealthy situation, which had a dramatic impact on their behaviour and produced deviant deeds. (Zimbardo et al., 2000, p. 17). The soldiers in Abu Ghraib were just US Military Police Army Reservists (p. 335; Schlesinger et al., p. 12; Taguba, 2004) without any preparation to run the prison (p. 346, 377; Hersh, 2004; Schlesinger et al., 2004, p. 16; Taguba, 2004), exactly like the students role- playing the guards in the prison-like stimulated environment or just like the elderly men who joined the crimes of the Nazis. When placed in a novel unfamiliar situation, their learnt reaction patterns stopped working and their morale disengaged (Zimbardo, 2008) leading to the immoral behaviour. Soldiers, in the middle of the interrogation center, experienced a lot of pressure from Central Intelligence Agency to break the enemy (p. 336-37, 349, 382; Schlesinger et al., 2004, p.8; CBS News , ). Labelling the Iraqi the enemy (Allen Priest, 2004; CNN, 2001; Landford, 2009), enouncing the war with terrorism (p. 377, 430; HRW, 2004; 2005; Miles, 2006),) and the recent change in country attitude toward torture after 9/11 maintained by worldwide media and American administration (Zimbardo, 2004, p.35) gave the guards the permission to dehumanize the prisoners (Strozier as cited in Schwartz, 2004;) and treating them like dogs (Zimbardo, 2007, p. 337, 414). The powerful systemic forces created a fear across the country Zimbardo 2004, p. 35) and induced systematic propaganda under the cover of national security exactly as described in the novel 1984 (George Orwell, 1981) or Fahrenheit 451 (Ray Bradbury, 2007), in which societys enslavement to conformity was generated. It was enough to justify the horrific behaviour and made even killing acceptable and rationalized (p. 430; Zimbardo, 2004, p. 28, 35; Stratman, 2004). Additionally, there was no discipline in the Abu Ghraib and the unit was understaffed (p.336; Danner, 2004, p. 17; Gray Zielinski, 2006; Schlesinger, 2004; Stannard, 2004; Taguba, 2004). The place was kept in a secret (HRW, 2005), constantly under attack (Fay, 2004; Schlesinger 2004, p.11) without sufficient control (p. 348; Fay 2004, ; Schlesinger, 2004, p. 13; HRW, 2004; 2005) and strong leadership (Fay, 2004. ; Schlesinger, 2004, p.16). The situation was far from normal. Additionally, no formal policies or procedures to follow (p. 347) and confusion regarding the Geneva Convention (HRW, 2004; 2005; Schlesinger, p. 6-7, 14, 29, 37-38) gave the guards permission to do unthinkable crimes and torture like the superintendent Zimbardo let the abuses happen in SPE. As Lt. Col. Thomas Kolditz argued when the power is given to people without oversight it is a pure formula for violence (Donn, 2004). Human Rights Watch Report agrees with Dr Zimbardo that not few individuals should have be en blamed for brutality on site but the extraordinary pressures of the system which contributed to the abuses (Zimbardo, 2004, p. 47; HRW, 2004; 2005), the architects of the policies were responsible for creating the situation where abuses became a part of normality (HRW, 2004; 2005). The normality of the soldiers was the crime for us watching it from distance. If the guards had understood the mechanism of powerful situational forces maybe they could have been able to resist acting immorally. One of the factors contributing to the immoral deeds is deindividuation (Deiner, 1980; Festinger, Pepitone, Newcomb, 1952; Zimbardo 1970)) which fosters anonymity and violence, shutting down rational thinking about the consequences (p. 219; Festinger et al., 1952; Zimbardo, 1969; 1970; 2004, p. 33). What is the most frightening is the fact that deindividuation can be achieved simply by changing external appearance (Golding, 1954, p. 58, 63; John Watson; Zimbardo, 2007, ch. 3, 10. Another factor is moral disengagement from negative actions by justifying the conduct, diffusing responsibility for own actions (Kelman Hamilton, 1989; Milgram, 1963, 1965, 1974, 1992), blaming the accountability on the role played (p. 218; Freedman, 1969; Haney, Zimbardo, 1973c), while blindly following authority (Bandura, Underwood, Fromson, 1975; Darley Latane, 1968), conforming to the group norms seeking acceptance (Moore, 1978, p. 36), discriminating those from different groups (Baumeister, 1997; Bernard, Ottenberg Redl, 1968; Johnson, 1986, 1998; Staub, 1989;; Tajfel, Flament, Billig, Bundy, 1971; Waller, 2002), ignoring the consequences of the action and blaming the victims for the outcome while dehumanizing them (Bandura, 1975; 1988; 1996; 1999; Bandura, Fromson, Underwood, 1975; Bandura et al. 1996; Bandura, Osofsky, Zimbardo, 1999; 2005; 1998, 2003, str 511; Darley Latane, 1968 ). An individual has to be perceived as inhuman in order to make an unethical conduct com fortable for the perpetrator (p. 402; Kelman, 1973; Leyens et al., 2003),. Dehumanization process includes putting people into the roles (Haney Zimbardo, 1973) e.g. giving them the same uniforms and assigning numbers. As discrepancy between the immoral actions and personal beliefs occurs cognitive dissonance is created (p. 219; Aronson , Carlsmith, 1968 ; Festinger, 1957). The bigger the discrepancy between ones values and actions the more motivated the individual is to attain harmony (Janis and King, 1954; King and Janis,1956; Culbertson, 1957; Zimbardo, 1965).What is more, when people cannot deny their actions they tend to rationalize them persuading themselves and others that they followed the rational guidelines when making the decision (Zimbardo, 2007, p. 220). Grossman argues further that with the proper conditioning and the proper circumstances, it appears that almost anyone can and will kill (Grossman , 1995, p.4). It supports the notion that systematisation in creating the enemy which threaten the safety of people play an important role in inducing antisocial behaviour (Zimbardo, 2004, p. 43-45). When a pathological behaviour is additionally supported by authorities such as state or an institution it opens the doors for serious abuses. As it is the responsibility of government is to establish and maintain ethical guidelines across a state, country or world Lucifer Effect offers an advice for the authorities to prevent situations which set up conditions for individuals to behave immorally. Zimbardo emphasises that understanding the socio-psychological process of situational transformation is not an excuse for individual to commit crimes. It is just an explanation how people can be corrupted to do inhumane deeds and indeed it should be wisely used to resist the evil. (Wang and Zimbardo, 2006-2008). Dr Zimbardo also gives a hope that as much as people are capable of wrongdoing the creative mastermind of human beings can also generate terrific actions (p. 444, Zimbardo, 1996, p. 621, str. 504, Zimbardo, 2008). Eventually, Lucifer Effect teaches how to be a hero in waiting (see p. 330-331, 457-458, 471, 474-475, Lankford, 2009; Zimbardo et al., 1999; Zimbardo, 2004, p. 40, Zimbardo, 2008 Conclusion: The Lucifer Effect presents how good people turn evil. It involves understanding what powerful dynamic factors come into play during the human character metamorphosis within different circumstances. Lucifer Effect explains that personality variables contribute just a bit to produce certain behaviour, alleviating or escalating the impact of the situational forces, which are lying at the base of the psycho-sociological interactions (Banaji, 2001, p. 15; Mischel, 1968; Mischel, Shoda, Rodriguez, 1989; Mischel, Shoda, Wright, 1993; Mischel Shoda, 1995; Mischel, 2004; Staub, 1898, p. 126, 127). The argument in the book is indeed a convincing demonstration that evil deeds are attributable to the power of the bad situation (Zimbardo, 1989; Asch, 1952; Sherif, 1966; Tajfel, 1978) which is often maintained by the bad system (Zimbardo, 2008). Nevertheless, Dr Zimbardo also emphasises that understanding evil is not excusing it and everyone should be responsible for their own actions because t he individual can learn how to resist immoral actions (Zimbardo, 2008). The account Dr Zimbardo takes agrees with Hanna Arendts (1977) statement that unless people are insane they have ability to tell right from wrong then we must be able to demand its exercise from every sane person, no matter how erudite or ignorant, intelligent or stupid, he may happen to be ( p. 13).

Sensuality, Sexuality, and Fertility in Kubla Khan Essay -- Samuel Tay

Sensuality, Sexuality, and Fertility in â€Å"Kubla Khan† In â€Å"Kubla Khan,† Coleridge imagines a land where sensuality, sexuality, and fertility abound and share inextricable links. Any threats to the fecundity of the land exist outside of its magnificent walls. Coleridge uses this image of an impenetrable fortress of sexual creativity in considering his own mind, desiring the same productivity in his poetic imagination. By creating this connection, Coleridge finds both a source of inspiration and blurs the lines between the poet and the poem. Coleridge describes Xanadu as a land where pleasure is a virtue, by both direct statement and appealing to the senses. The most direct insight into the luxury of Xanadu is given in Coleridge’s description of the land as a â€Å"pleasure dome† (2, 36). Besides stating it outright, Coleridge emphasizes the hedonistic nature of the land by appealing to the senses. A description of the hills mentions their â€Å"enfolding sunny spots of greenery† (11). These sunny patches both illuminate the vision of flourishing vegetation, while giving a tangible warmth in the same breath. Nearby, a garden is filled with â€Å"many an incense-bearing tree† (9), perfuming the air of the dome. In his consideration of the Abyssinian maid, Coleridge continues his representation of sensual pleasure. Although unable to remember â€Å"her symphony and song† (43), Coleridge knows that any recollection â€Å"to such a deep delight ‘twould win me† (44). This later recollection demonstrates that Coleridge’s vision includes the pleasure of sound, as well as the presence of sights and sounds. Coleridge continues to emphasize the hedonism of this vision, as he purposefully equips the musical maid with a dulcimer. The Oxford... ...nd overflowing with life: the product of sensuality and sexuality. Coleridge emphasizes the interconnection of these elements by weaving them seamlessly into the same lines. In a metaphor in which he consumes the fruit of this flourishing land, Coleridge can internalize the fertility of this land and utilize it for his poetic imagination. Just as Xanadu remains safely distanced from threats against its proliferation, near the end of his poem Coleridge draws a metaphorical line around himself to discourage creative invasions. The supposed history of the poem’s composition lends some irony to this suggestion, as Coleridge claims to have ceased his transcription to answer the door. Works Cited Abrams, M. H, ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. New York, NY. Norton and Company, 2000. The Oxford English Dictionary Online. 27 February 2008. Sensuality, Sexuality, and Fertility in Kubla Khan Essay -- Samuel Tay Sensuality, Sexuality, and Fertility in â€Å"Kubla Khan† In â€Å"Kubla Khan,† Coleridge imagines a land where sensuality, sexuality, and fertility abound and share inextricable links. Any threats to the fecundity of the land exist outside of its magnificent walls. Coleridge uses this image of an impenetrable fortress of sexual creativity in considering his own mind, desiring the same productivity in his poetic imagination. By creating this connection, Coleridge finds both a source of inspiration and blurs the lines between the poet and the poem. Coleridge describes Xanadu as a land where pleasure is a virtue, by both direct statement and appealing to the senses. The most direct insight into the luxury of Xanadu is given in Coleridge’s description of the land as a â€Å"pleasure dome† (2, 36). Besides stating it outright, Coleridge emphasizes the hedonistic nature of the land by appealing to the senses. A description of the hills mentions their â€Å"enfolding sunny spots of greenery† (11). These sunny patches both illuminate the vision of flourishing vegetation, while giving a tangible warmth in the same breath. Nearby, a garden is filled with â€Å"many an incense-bearing tree† (9), perfuming the air of the dome. In his consideration of the Abyssinian maid, Coleridge continues his representation of sensual pleasure. Although unable to remember â€Å"her symphony and song† (43), Coleridge knows that any recollection â€Å"to such a deep delight ‘twould win me† (44). This later recollection demonstrates that Coleridge’s vision includes the pleasure of sound, as well as the presence of sights and sounds. Coleridge continues to emphasize the hedonism of this vision, as he purposefully equips the musical maid with a dulcimer. The Oxford... ...nd overflowing with life: the product of sensuality and sexuality. Coleridge emphasizes the interconnection of these elements by weaving them seamlessly into the same lines. In a metaphor in which he consumes the fruit of this flourishing land, Coleridge can internalize the fertility of this land and utilize it for his poetic imagination. Just as Xanadu remains safely distanced from threats against its proliferation, near the end of his poem Coleridge draws a metaphorical line around himself to discourage creative invasions. The supposed history of the poem’s composition lends some irony to this suggestion, as Coleridge claims to have ceased his transcription to answer the door. Works Cited Abrams, M. H, ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. New York, NY. Norton and Company, 2000. The Oxford English Dictionary Online. 27 February 2008.

My Life in Five Years

My Life in Five Years Salvador Dali once said: â€Å"Do not fear perfection, you will never achieve it. † Of course, I don’t expect to find perfection during the next five years, but I do imagine a positive and brilliant future life. I am self-confident, composed, self-controlled, cheerful and full of energy, and even humble. I don’t waste time; I can define a goal and know how to reach it, and I never leave things half done. While I don’t claim to be able to predict where I will end up, there are a few things that I know for certain that I want to accomplish: I would like to improve my education and therefore career opportunities, where I can help solve other people’s problems, explore new places and meet new friends, and finally, build the house of my dreams and find someone in my life to share all that with. The family is the foundation of human society and my number one priority. It is very important that a man’s family provides understanding and gives him moral support. Before any professional or financial success, a man must achieve family success—only then can he achieve something in his life. Therefore, I would be most grateful if I found someone to share my life with and start a family. The experience and pleasure that travel provides is a very important thing for any person. In my opinion, traveling is a source of emotional and personal inspiration; therefore, I will visit such countries as USA, Canada, France, Italy and others. Traveling will help me make new friends around the world and be able to get out and about the people from diverse background, which I'm certain will enrich my own life, to be sure, but also the lives of those to whom I come in contact. Last but not least is my education and career. I have asked myself many times what I wanted to be. A few years ago it was difficult to give a definite answer. I had changed my mind several times. During this past year I finally discovered what it was that I most wanted to pursue. I realized that my strongest desires were to continue specializing in innovative technologies, learn foreign languages, and most importantly, complete an MBA. Working with passion had always been my aim. I plan to do the work I love and hopefully earn good money as a bonus. I will make it a habit of helping people solve their problems by means of finding opportunities to create products and services. According to Nikolay Ostrovskiy, â€Å"life is given to us but once and we must live it so as to feel no torturing regrets for wasted years. † I realize that I won't achieve perfection when it comes to all my dreams, but I recognize that life and time are both precious. I am committed to doing everything possible to make these goals become part of my five-year reality.

High School and School Valedictorian Competition Essay

In the essay, â€Å"The Joy of Graduating† by Kate Stone Lombardi, describes the traditional high school valedictorian competition with the most prestigious students. The fight for the position of valedictorian has intensified over the years. Danielle Gorman, an elected valedictorian at Moorestown High School in New Jersey, was quoted by Lombardi of the qualifications and standards it took to become valedictorian. The traits Gorman describes common to valedictorians were taking on too much and are unwilling to fail. I think that Gorman’s assessment is reasonable because many people who strive to become valedictorian take on â€Å"more than they can chew† by taking multiple advanced placement classes to extracurricular activities in and outside of school. My senior class in high school had very competitive students when it came down to ASB or any student elections. Each student who participated was usually the overachiever; they took multiple AP classes, team captains of the sports’ teams, and public speakers for all school events. Each student tried to work harder and prove that he or she could attempt to accomplish more than one another. The students knew that having the title in high school would set them apart from everyone else so that they could have a higher ranking along with using their popularity to their advantage in gaining that title. The idea of getting this title would overwhelm students so much that it would cause more stress on themselves on top of the classes they were already taking. Because of our school’s competitiveness it was difficult to decide one individual for valedictorian. When it was time to decide who would become the valedictorian, there were two top students whom our class thought would fit the winning spot. One of the students was a girl named Asal, who was elected senior class president for ASB. The other student was a boy named Henock, who was also elected in ASB but for the school president. Both students had superb grades close to a 5. 0 gpa and they both participated in every on and off campus school event. Each of them had many responsibilities. They each would do their part to help the school community when it came to any projects or tutoring. They set a great example for the student body to look up to. They wounded up the crowds during athletic games and pep rallies with incredible school spirit. They each would help come up with ideas and themes for dances, along with helping our school clubs with fundraisers and events such as blood drives. They would help put up flyers and make announcements to make the students aware of fundraisers and activities that were constantly going on at school. They would try to help get the whole school more involved by creating fun games and contests going on during lunch to make sure that everyone felt like they were a part of something no matter what grade level they were in. They had all this pressure coming down on them with all these school activities, along with their school work. They felt the need to accomplish these tasks in order to get into their dream college so this would help them feel a little more secure that they would be accepted. It was incredible that they were able to complete these tasks as full time students and it must have been mentally and physically exhausting. Our student body recognized their hard work and accomplishments so we naturally put them on a pedestal. The senior class knew that one of these remarkable scholars could be elected valedictorian. I personally encountered experiences with them both on how stressful it was for them to undertake so many duties. I had a couple of classes with each of the presidents, and I started to witness each of them become more stressed out as more and more talk went around the school about who would become the valedictorian. They took the initiative to work ten times harder in class and pushed to receive perfect scores on tests and projects to raise their overall grade, so their percentage would help raise their gpa. They took on so many extracurricular activities that they had no social life outside of school and struggled to keep up with everything going on. They were pushing themselves to the limit to be the best they could be. This soon turned into a chaotic competition between the two most prestigious students in our senior class. Once graduation day had finally arrived, we were anxious to see whose hard work and commitment had paid off. Everyone was sitting in their assigned seats, clothed in their cap and gown anxiously waiting for the speeches to be presented. I was looking around the stage to see who was chosen for the class valedictorian, but I couldn’t seem to spot out Henock or Asal anywhere. The principal was the first to give out the welcome speech. He presented a few awards and gave out some words of wisdom to the present senior class. Finally, at the end of his speech he announced that it was time to name our senior class’ valedictorian. Everyone moved around their seats anxiously trying to see who would be honored with this great achievement. The principal then surprised us with a statement none of us expected. There were to be two valedictorians honored this year because of their outstanding gpa and wide variety of extracurricular activities. Henock and Asal both gained the winning spot that they were each competing for. These two candidates spent their high school career taking various AP courses and being active participants in the school community in order to set themselves apart from the crowd and gained the honorable title of valedictorian. Little did they know that apparently their gpa’s were only a hundredth of a point apart. The principal explained that Henock actually had the overall higher gpa, but he felt that because of Asal’s hard work and effort she should deserve the same recognition. Needless to say our whole senior class was pretty shocked. We noticed how hard working and competitive these two had gotten to try to be valedictorian and yet both of them received the winning spot. Our school traditionally only had one valedictorian chosen each year so it caught us off guard that there were two valedictorians. It was ironic that they were both competing so hard against one another when all this hard work they accomplished still got them the credit they deserved. When the speeches were to be given out by our two valedictorians, I was expecting for Henock and Asal to compete for a better speech as well because I thought that since there is traditionally one valedictorian, they would still try to go head to head at who could give a better and more inspiring speech. But to my surprise they each gave out their congratulatory response to one another within their speech. In Henock’s speech, he acknowledged that Asal was a great inspiration and motivation for him to try harder in his classes and to exceed even his own expectations because that was how he perceived how she was in her classes. He admitted that he looked up to her with great respect and that she definitely deserved to be valedictorian whether or not he was chosen with her. Asal was very grateful and said a few great admiring words about him to show her appreciation towards him and his hard work. The fact that my high  school had two valedictorians did seem to be out of the ordinary for my senior class, but it certainly was deserved to the right people. Danielle Gorman describes the traits of a valedictorian to take one more tasks and harder classes with the drive to not fail. My classmates Henock and Asal indeed had that drive and it paid off well for the both of them and they each were appreciative that they got to share that number one spot with each other. Although they went head to head with each other trying to achieve the same goal, they were in it to win it and they did.

prokaryotes essays

prokaryotes essays The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms on earth, and are the smallest unicellular organisms. There are certain factors that account for the success of prokaryotes such that they are able to withstand harsh environments and they are able to adapt to face the conditions that they are in. One factor that accounts for the success of the prokaryotes is their way to survive. When environmental conditions are unfavorable, the bacterium becomes inactive. Some species of bacteria form endospores. An endospore is a thick wall that surrounds the genetic material while the rest of the cell disintegrates. The endospore does not reproduce or show any signs of life. It is similar to a seed. What is important about these endospores is that they can withstand harsh environmental conditions, such as boiling, freezing, and drying out. When the existing conditions then become favorable, the endospore germinates and in turn forms an active cell. This method of survival allows prokaryotes to last longer and allow them to germinate. Another factor that accounts for the success of prokaryotes is their ability to metabolize most nitrogenous compounds. Nitrogen is essential in the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. Prokaryotes are successful because they can convert ammonia to nitrates. Others can convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia. This is known as nitrogen fixation. Some bacteria can even survive on light, carbon dioxide, atmospheric nitrogen, water, and minerals to survive. This means they are self-sufficient, and that is why prokaryotes are successful. Three hostile environments in which prokaryotes survive are swamps, salt ponds, and hot springs. The classifications of the prokaryotes that live in these environments are archaebacteria. Methanogens are able to survive in swamps, extreme halophiles are able to survive in salt ponds, and thermoacidophiles are able to live in Hot Spr ...

buy custom Understanding the Essential Elements of Contracts essay

buy custom Understanding the Essential Elements of Contracts essay Contracts can a dangerous business if one of the parties fails to fulfill their obligations. In contract law, failing to fulfill the requirements of a contract is referred to as a breach of contract. A breach of contract of one party is usually a disadvantage for the other party unless that injured party is compensated in a mutually agreeable way. Contracts are usually between two people but at times a third party can be involved. One of the essential elements of contracts is an offer and acceptance. Fredo, the owner of the Candy Restaurant in Oakland, makes Sandiman, of Sandiman Construction Ltd, an offer of $250,000 if Sandiman begins the renovation of the Candy Restaurant on exactly July 1st and completes it by August 31st. Sandiman accepts this offer. There is no evidence whether this contract has been just stated orally or if both parties signed the contract on a piece of paper. Therefore, it may have been an informal contract rather than a formal contract. However, even though Sandiman agreed to fulfill all obligations as stated in the contract, it was not possible for him to do so. Sandiman realized that he was not able to complete all that work on time because it is just too much work to do and he also has a shortage of staff. In addition, being under a time constraint did not help matters. Sandiman stated that he would be willing to do all the work, even with the shortage of staff, if he could be given till the middle of September to complete the job. Therefore, Sandiman was trying to re negotiate the terms of the contract. What took place between Fredo and Sandiman is known in legal trms as a battle of the forms. As a result, Fredo made counteroffer to Sandiman. By making a counteroffer, Fredo made the other contract void. Therefore, under these circumstances, Fredo was not obligated to pay Sandiman $250,000. When making the counter offer, Fredo requests that Sandiman completes the work on time for an additional sum of 50,000, to be paid on August 31st along with the original sum of 250,000. Therefore, Fredo makes a new offer of 300,000 in exchange for the satisfaction of his requirements. However, it is important to mention that Fredo makes this counter offer through Ted who is the CEO of Sandiman Construction Ltd. When Sandiman calls and asks about speeding up the renovation process, he speaks to Ted. This counter offer is legally binding despite the fact that Fredo does not speak directly to Sandiman but makes the final negotiations through a third party. Sandiman is aware of the counter offer because he expects the additional 50,000 on August 31st. Sandiman completes the work on time. The additional sum enables Sandiman to have more staff working for him. Sandiman is right for demanding the extra payment because he accepted Fredos counteroffer and fulfilled his part of the obligation . By refusing to pay this sum, Fredo has breached the new contract. Sandiman has a right to sue Fredo for the $50,000. Fredo is legally bound to pay the original sum because he has received the services. Sandimans option is to go to court and have the court order Fredo to pay him. By stating that he has provided the service on time, Sandiman can use the function of what is called a quasi contract to his advantage. A quasi contract would proovide a legal protection for Sandiman against being treated unjustly by not being paid the required sum. By definition, a quasi contract can provide the enforcement of the originally agreed upon contract by the order of the court. A quasi contract ensures that all parties involved in the original contract are treated fairly. The legal dispute between Fredo and Sandiman can be compared to the Goldthorpe v Logan (1943) precedent. In this case, a woman answered posted by a beauty salon that advertised the removal of facial hair. The woman went for the treatment but it failed. The woman sued the company and won. The ad served as an offer and the woman accepted the offer. Therefore, she had a contract. The ad promised to do something and it failed. In the same manner, Fredo promised to do something for Sandiman yet he failed to do so. Although Fredo did not make direct negotiations with Sandiman but rather through Ted, still he made a promise of paying the additional $50,000. On the other hand, Fredo might understand why he is being asked for the $50,000. Obviously, he does not feel that it is his duty to pay the additional sum. Looking at this legal matter from his perspective, Fredo might be going by the original contract and the previously agreed upon terms. Although Fredo did make a counter offer to Sandiman, he was induced to it by Ted, the CEO of Sandiman Construction Ltd. Although he agreed to it, he might feel that it was not a fair bargain. He might be remembering that Sandiman has originally agreed to perform all the work on time for the previously stated amount of money. Therefore, he might be thinking that Sandiman expects what is called in legal terms as an unjust enrichment. Buy custom Understanding the Essential Elements of Contracts essay

What to Expect When Getting Your Drug Test At Work

What to Expect When Getting Your Drug Test At Work Pre-employment drug screening is definitely a practice you should be aware of. Depending on the job you get, your sobriety can affect your job performance- even the safety and lives of other people. Employers are eager to make sure they can trust you and your judgment. Some employers are actually federally obligated to screen employees, such as the Federal Highway Administration, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the U.S. Coast Guard. Tests are much more likely in trucking industry, aviation, or mass transit, or for anyone hoping to work with NASA or the Department of Defense.Test TypesThere are two kinds of drug tests: the 5-panel test screen, and the 10-panel test. The 5-panel test screens for the following:CocaineAmphetamine/MethamphetamineOpiates (like heroin, codeine, and morphine)Phencyclidine or PCPTHC (marijuana)The 10-panel test screens for the following:CocaineAmphetamineMethamphetamineOpiates such as heroin, codeine and morphinePhencyclidine or PCPTHC (marijuana)Pro poxypheneMethadoneBarbituratesBenzodiazepinesSome marijuana use might go undetected, particularly if the THC has been removed, as in medical marijuana). Other drugs, like prescription pain medication, might show up. If you’re using any prescription drugs, you should disclose this information before the test- particularly pain medications, certain weight-loss supplements, and drugs like Xanax, Valium, Rohypnol, and Ativan. And if you live in a state where recreational pot use is legal, or you have a prescription for medical marijuana, you might want to consider chatting with an employment lawyer about your options if a drug test scenario comes up.Know the Rules and Your RightsA lot of employers reserve the right to test again once you’re employed. They can ask for a test regularly or randomly, and can demand a test on short notice, giving employees no time to try and cheat.There are limits to how much an employer is allowed to test, given the invasion of privacy. If you feel your rights have been violated, consult the employment laws of your state. Remember: you are also not required to take a test from a prospective employer. Just keep in mind, that might well cost you the job.Know  What You’re Getting IntoA few things to keep in mind to make sure you don’t lose a job to a failed drug test:Most tests are urine tests, though this is changing. Saliva tests (easier to pass as they only go back three days), and hair tests (which go back 90 days) are also possible. Employers could even ask to test your blood or nails.You can’t just drink an enormous quantity of water or exercise heavily to get a particular drug to clear your system- that’s mostly a myth.Certain drugs will stay in different people’s systems for different lengths of time. This depends on a number of factors, including individual metabolism, rate and quantity of use, the concentration, etc. The sensitivity of the test is also variable.

Create a Timeline highlighting the changes in political parties Essay

Create a Timeline highlighting the changes in political parties - Essay Example This paper will basically have to objectives firstly, give a description of the contributions that capitalism, agriculture, and industrialization have had on economics, economic development, regional specialization, and social reform, taking into consideration the timeline between 1780 to 1850, and the contributions that democracy has had on the market revolution. Secondly, it will identify the beginning of American expansionism, how it has shaped foreign relations and the contributions expansionism has had on the growth of democracy. From 1823 to 1836 most individuals were farmers: trading and industrialization were very minimal. Capitalism at that time was known as mercantilism in that it trade was controlled by the government, powerful individuals and monopolies (Hollis, 2008). It is evident that in the absence of a democracy, aristocracy is bound to prevail in that a small group of people control power and the economy. Lack of democracy before the period of 1780 to 1850 limited t he poor and powerless in that they had no chance to engage in any economic activity, only the powerful and rich could freely participate (Hollis, 2008). The ownership of land and harvesting of agricultural products in 1790s ensured food security. Individuals owned lands in which they cultivated resulting in a surplus production of food. This led them to sell the surplus food to other people who did not produce food. Individuals could also sell their agricultural products to other people who produced different products from theirs. People wanted to protect and invest their acquired properties, this required peace and so, they avoided war at all cost. The idea of individuals owning their own property made the government to let individuals participate freely in political matters. This participation in turn led to social reforms. Individuals from minority groups could become political leaders fighting for their own course (Mohl, 1997). The advent of capitalism ensured that individuals c ould own private property. Many scholars throughout the years have argued that a clear democracy results from a capitalist industrialization. Furthermore, democracy will flourish in a society that has strongly embraced individual responsibility. The new civilization that rose from 1780s was supported by the pillars of capitalism and democracy. Capitalism brings about democracy when individuals pursue their self-interest which in turn leads to social harmony (Sanders, 1999). In capitalism, many people benefit from one person’s self-interest economic. Capitalism and democracy ensured that the state and the economy were strictly separated. Individual rights and also rights for private ownership in 1780s were more respected since that was part of democracy. All in all the growth of democracy was spear headed by capitalism because of the recognition it had on individuals owning their lives and property as long as they do not harm others (Joy, 2003). Regional specialization was hig hly seen in the 1820s in America, the South had big plantations and exported agriculture while the people in the North focused on trade and business. Most agricultural products came from the South, since they had big plantations the South was the sole exporter of agricultural products. On the other, hand putting up steel manufacturing industry in Pennsylvania brought about regional

Youtube case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Youtube - Case Study Example Despite this fact, critics remain largely skeptical about the sites business model. Its lack of movie content has made it a bà ªte noire of critics. Hollywood producers, however, do not see YouTube as a home for their content, but rather as merely as a great promotion tool. YouTube has a number of products and services. YouTube has ad products, which are crafted around the way people actually use the companys website. These ad products have helped transform users activities on the site, like searching content, into appropriate advertising opportunities. Some ad products are promoted videos, which are videos with the type of content a particular user has searched for in the past. Another ad product is TrueView, which enables users to skip an ad entirely, but chargers advertisers if viewers choose the content and watch it the entire way through. YouTube also has click-to-buy products, where viewers become product consumers. YouTube services include Personalized Channels which is a predictive video service, similar to Pandoras service for music. In addition, YouTube has a streaming service, where important live events like sports and concerts from around the globe are broadcast live to viewers. Further, YouTube has a partner program, whereby, YouTube places ads next to popular videos or producers and they share the revenue from these ads. Other services include searching and viewing videos. YouTube has a competitive edge over its rivals. While other video programs like Hulu and Netflix continue to grow, they have not made a significant impression on the market. Nevertheless, Netflix and Hulu have other services which YouTube does not offer. For example, they have taken a lead in movies, which is still not well implemented by YouTube. Overall, it will take some time and increased efforts, before any competitor makes an impact on the video platform like YouTube has

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 7

Case Study Example Despite these challenges many women fail to understand or are ignorant that the law provides them with rights. The case study on Paul Bryant Group management handling of Camilla provides a clear insight into the plight many women go through in our society particularly at workstations during and after maternity leave. The big issue in most cases is that women are seen as being less committed to their bosses or employer since they are now mothers. Many companies today are settling out of court since they dont want to be viewed by their stakeholders to be treating pregnant women or new mothers as such. In the case study for instance, Camilla’s position as a front desk clerk was unlawfully given to another individual despite her notification and officially being out for maternity leave. The case study is based on various aspects of human resource management that one may encounter in any working station in today’s business world and interesting lessons for future managers. Camilla has the ground for a lawsuit against the Paul Bryant Group. The basis for her lawsuit is rooted in the protection of rights she enjoys and too from the un-procedural dismissal from her previous duty by the supervisor. Firstly, the law protects Camilla against being unfairly selected for redundancy due to her pregnancy or taking maternity leave. Sadly, this is the exact scenario that happened. This should not however have been the case. If her job was genuinely redundant while she was absent, then she was entitled to being offered a suitable alternative vacancy (if one was in the company). Ideally, on terms and conditions not considerably less favorable than those of her old job. As per the case study, this did not happen with Camilla at Good Night Inn. These rights are set out in Employment Rights Act 1996 and the Maternity and Parental Leave Regulations amended in 1999 (Lengnick-Hall et al.,

Unfair terms in contracts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unfair terms in contracts - Essay Example For example, if the supplier has the rights to alter the terms of the contract, it is considered to be unfair terms. Often, the obligation on the part of the supplier is very less or negligible as stated by the contract reflecting unfair terms again. Also, if terms of a contract put excess trouble to the consumers, then such contracts are said to contain unfair terms. Such terms tend to affect the faith of the customers2. In cases of mobile phones, credit cards, or tickets for airline or concerts, customers often rely on the suppliers too much to understand the unfair terms involved in the contracts that they enter into with the suppliers. For example, credit card companies often change their rules and policies if they are in need for the return of the money from the customer. Fine print in relation to a contract refers to the minute details of the contract rules that are presented in small print and might not be visible always. It might even possess the right of the suppliers to alter the terms of the contract. In case such a print is completely hidden, then it might not be considered as part of the contract at all and hence the supplier cannot take advantage of that3. Thus it can be understood in this context that if such fine prints are not hidden, then it becomes the responsibility of the customers to read the details without which several terms of the contract might remain unknown to the customers. From the study, thus, it can be concluded that the unfair terms are those terms in the contracts where the supplier has more advantages than the consumers. Moreover fine prints if hidden might not be considered as part of the agreement, but in other cases, they prove to be the customers’ duty to read them to avoid lack of knowledge of the unknown terms in cases of mobile phones, credit cards, airline tickets or concert

Direct Manipulation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Direct Manipulation - Assignment Example Video game is one of the best applications where the techniques of direct manipulation are very successful. At the present, the use of video games is increasing because of its entertainment and easy to recognize operations. In fact, people are able to build a variety of skills by playing video games. Additionally, the physical gestures of video games are straightforward and mistakes can be easily corrected depending on their severity; therefore error messages are needless. Similarly, these standards can also be implemented to office automation and personal computing and other arrangements (Huang, Miwa, & Cayabyab, 2013; Hundhausen, Farley, & Brown, 2009). The research has shown that the principles of direct manipulation can be used in video game controls for example game users always want to use games that are easy to use, system with better availability of feedback and much easier to learn than use. In addition, the principles of direct manipulation can also be employed for differing ones that lead to certainty as well as sense of control that system user needs much more. Moreover, another example of principles of direct manipulation is to have simple and intuitive action specification in video games (Sanderson, 1998; Shneiderman, Direct Manipulation A Step Beyond Programming Languages, 1983; Shneiderman, Direct Manipulation for Comprehensible, Predictable and Controllable User Interfaces, 1997). Interface design is believed to be one of the most difficult aspects of game development for that reason that it requires transferring huge data and instructions to the player as well as there is small screen space which has to be utilized for completing all these tasks that to do it. Hence, when the interface is less effectively designed, a good game idea can be minimized to an annoying user experience (Dev Mag, 2011). It is an admitted fact that with the passage of time and advancement of technology the real life applications are becoming easy to

Corporate social responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Corporate social responsibility - Essay Example to emerging social priorities such as the need for eradication of pollution and conservation of fuel in order to ensure higher standards of living and sustainable development in the immediate society (Carroll and Shabana, pp 86). The integration of CSR policy and disclosure of CSR activities contribute to brand loyalty and good reputation in the industry (Du, Bhattacharya and Sen. p 240). This paper will analyze the Rolls-Royce Group’s level of disclosure of CSR activities in its financial statements. The paper will also analyze Rolls-Royce Group disclosure of its economic responsibility, legal responsibility, ethical and philanthropic responsibility of the company in and make a comparison of the CSR approach with that of other companies. Rolls-Royce Group provides its customers with the most technologically advanced power systems in marine, energy, civil and defense aerospace markets. According to management oral comments, the company is constantly looking for new methods of minimising the environmental impact of its business activities and transforming utilization of energy. Rolls-Royce business model aims at attaining long-term growth, profitability and sustainability. The company has diversified in numerous markets such as Asia and has maintained zero debt. From 2007 to 2011, the company has maintained a growth in revenues thus this can be attributed to customer loyalty and aggressive efforts in cutting down operating costs. Rolls-Royce Group plc revenues grew at a higher rate when compared with the GE Aviation which is the leading competitor in the industry. For instance, in 2008, Rolls-Royce revenues increased at the rate of 22.2 percent compared with a rate of 5.8 percent for GE Aviation. Although GE Aviation experienced a decline a 14.1 percent decline in revenues due adverse impact of the financial and economic crisis in 2009, Rolls-Royce managed to increase its revenues by 14.1 percent. Rolls-Royce is committed to ensuring manufacturing efficiency

Direct Manipulation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Direct Manipulation - Assignment Example Video game is one of the best applications where the techniques of direct manipulation are very successful. At the present, the use of video games is increasing because of its entertainment and easy to recognize operations. In fact, people are able to build a variety of skills by playing video games. Additionally, the physical gestures of video games are straightforward and mistakes can be easily corrected depending on their severity; therefore error messages are needless. Similarly, these standards can also be implemented to office automation and personal computing and other arrangements (Huang, Miwa, & Cayabyab, 2013; Hundhausen, Farley, & Brown, 2009). The research has shown that the principles of direct manipulation can be used in video game controls for example game users always want to use games that are easy to use, system with better availability of feedback and much easier to learn than use. In addition, the principles of direct manipulation can also be employed for differing ones that lead to certainty as well as sense of control that system user needs much more. Moreover, another example of principles of direct manipulation is to have simple and intuitive action specification in video games (Sanderson, 1998; Shneiderman, Direct Manipulation A Step Beyond Programming Languages, 1983; Shneiderman, Direct Manipulation for Comprehensible, Predictable and Controllable User Interfaces, 1997). Interface design is believed to be one of the most difficult aspects of game development for that reason that it requires transferring huge data and instructions to the player as well as there is small screen space which has to be utilized for completing all these tasks that to do it. Hence, when the interface is less effectively designed, a good game idea can be minimized to an annoying user experience (Dev Mag, 2011). It is an admitted fact that with the passage of time and advancement of technology the real life applications are becoming easy to

The Dragon Rider Essay Example for Free

The Dragon Rider Essay The Dragon Rider is an adventure fantasy novel by Cornelia Funke. The Thief Lord and Inkheart, two other novels by this author, became bestsellers and now Funke’s admirers can enjoy her next work by her. The Dragon Rider is a classical fiction novel. Simple linear narration makes the reading easy, while lively characters and twisted plot make it interesting. In the beginning of narration the novel is set in peaceful Scottish valley. Dragons, who live there are threatened by the invasion of men. Firedrake, a young silver dragon is the main character of the novel. He starts his journey to find legendary Rim of Heaven, a place where dragons can live in peace. Orphan Ban, brownie Sorrel and homunculus Twigleg accompany him in his long and dangerous journey. They make a long way crossing Europe and passing Middle East in order to reach India. Together friends experience a lot of exiting adventures. They have to fight terrible artificial dragon Nettlebrand, who wants to destroy all dragons and reach magical Rim of Heaven. Confrontation between Firedrake and Nettlebrand make the main external conflict of the story. Firedrake and his friends have also to fight giant eagles, wicked dwarfs and little elves. All bad characters of the novel are dark and evil and threaten Firedrake and his friends. Luckily, there are creatures, who are ready to help friends. Gain serpent, djinn and Professor Greenbloom help them to escape their enemies. All characters of the novel are interesting and unique. Each of them has something, which makes the readers care about his or her further fate. Wit dialogues makes the reading easy and interesting. Despite the book is pretty long it is read quickly. Simple narration style makes this novel a page-turner and a very enjoyable read. The book is notable by the big number of characters and succession of episodes, where main characters meet different obstacles on their way to the goal. Fantastic places and events described by the author place the reader into wonderful imaginary world, where everything is possible and mysterious creatures live next to ordinary people. The story is not only a description of Firedrake’s adventures. It is also a story of real friendship, self-sacrifice and achieving goals. Despite characters of the novel are imaginary creatures, they behave like humans and have same problems as people do. They suffer and laugh, doubt and look for important answers. The journey helps the main characters to discover inner strength and power. They learn to achieve their goals and care about the feelings of others. Orphan Ban finds friends he did not manage to meet among people. Little dragon Firedrake destroys myth about evil dragons and proves that they can be kind and caring creatures, who hurt nobody. Even Sorrel, who makes fun of everything and everybody turns to be kind-hearted and caring creature. The value of friendship is one of the main themes of the novel. The author wants to readers to understand that all creatures can exist peacefully in the Universe. People and dragons, serpents and brownies, they all can coexist peacefully. Our planet is diverse and there is enough space for everybody here. The value of human life and all creatures, which live on our planet, is another important message of the book. The main characters come to this realization by the end of the novel. In addition, they visit a lot of interesting places and discover a lot of important things about themselves. Corneila Funke wants her readers to know that any goal can be achieved if you have enough courage in your heart and true friends ready to help you. Sources Funke, Cornelia. , Dragon Rider, Published by Chicken House, 2004.

Corrective And Preventive Action In Quality Management Information Technology Essay

Corrective And Preventive Action In Quality Management Information Technology Essay CAPA is an important Quality tool in the pharmaceutical industry. CAPA is defined as the corrective action and the preventive action. A corrective action is a change implemented to address a weakness identified in a management system whereas the preventive action is The action to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity or other undesirable potential situation. Management plays a key role in the successful implementation of the CAPA system for achieving the high quality pharmaceutical products. It helps the management to identify the problem that arises in the system and helps the administration to come up with the innovative ideas to improve the quality of the product.This Document discusses the Obstacles for achieving the integrated CAPA compliance, quality system CAPA procedure, Flow chart for implementing the CAPA system, phases of the CAPA system, benefits of the CAPA system .. In this stage of the CAPA process there must be the problem that has been identified, defined and documented. The documentation should completely explain about how the information has been gathered and it also should have the proof for the existing problem. In the appraisal stage the quality personnel member of the CAPA case will need to determine the impact of the quality on the companys overall quality management system which include cost, function, safety, quality etc.. The determination regarding impact should include the risk to the customers as well as risk to the employers. Once the impact and the risks are identified then the seriousness is determined. Based upon the companies long term experience the companies will associate the varying degree of the seriousness based upon which the necessary corrective and preventive actions will be taken. DISCOVERY:- Phase-3 discovery phase commences only when the remedial action does not solve the problem during phase-2 or when a long term action is required then the phase-3 action commences. Discovery phase is also called as the investigation phase and before the investigation commences specific goals are set in a manner such that these goals are accomplished before the phase-6.For accomplishing these goals specific strategy is developed which includes specific strategy for determining the contributing and root cause of the problem. It also include all specific circumstances related to the problem which include training, software, external factors, procedures, personnel, materials and equipment. EXAMINATION:- During the examination phase rooting out of the problem takes place after determining the possible and probable causes of the problem and data has been collected to refute these problems. The data that has been collected during this stage has been organized and documented .The sources for the examination phase can be from the testing results and review of the records, processes, service information, design control, operations which helps in determining the root cause of the problem. All the information is collected, organized and documented in readable form. ACTION AND IMPELMENTATION:- During this phase the REAL LIFE of the CAPA takes place. In this stage the investigator has to determine the root cause of the problem and he or she has to develop the methodology that prevents the problem to occur further. All the incidents in this stage are documented and for the successful implementation of this stage a successful CAPA SOFTWARE has been introduced which not only save the time and money but also keeps the records for the long term usage for tracking how the problem has been resolved. OBSTACLES FOR ACHEVING INTEGRATED CAPA COMPLIANCE:- CAPA management is an important part of the regulatory requirement which helps in reducing the liability, increases the customer satisfaction, helps in the reduction of the financial losses and strengthens the companys reputation. To achieve the maximum benefits from the CAPA, it must be an integral part of the enterprise compliance and quality management system(ECQM) which helps in the collection of the data on the existing problem, investigators will analyze the potential data, digs out the root cause of the problem, addresses the issues and follows the procedures to avoid the similar problem in the future and documents the entire process. CAPA can be effective only when it is an integral part of the companys culture. However they were many obstacles which prevents for achieving a truly integrated quality management system. Among those are the 1-DISPARATE SYSTEMS:- CAPA compliance is included in companys standard operating procedures however it is difficult to achieve the process with systems that most companies have. They are different programs that dont interface with each other, homegrown systems that dont have universal recognition, delaying the resolution of the quality issues and clouding the compliance picture. 2-LAX DOCUMENTATION:- Companies should require the centralized control without which the documentation chain required by the regulatory agencies is frequently broken. Companies should document their CAPA procedures without which the FDA will not know the CAPA requirements have been fulfilled. 3-COMMUNICATION BARRIERS BETWEEN CULTURES AND SPECILATIES:- Employees working in the company dont speak the same language, literally. In addition the terms that an engineer uses to describe a quality system may be different from that marketing manager or the compliance officer. 4-LACK OF TRAINING:- Majority of the employees that are working in the compliance issues are not well trained.so the Employees who are working in the quality management do not know, understand and take the responsibility as their role as the quality management. 5-DISCONNECT AMONG BUSINESS UNITS:- CAPA management is frequently seen as a job for the quality management but not as a concern in which production, RD, marketing or other departments which should be involved. 6-NON COLLECTION OF TRENDING DATA OR DATA NOT READILY AVAILABLE TO APPROPRIATE PERSONNEL:- Without the integrated ECQM, most departments keep the records on their own systems without which the company management cannot see the Companies compliance picture. Without this vision, the management cannot predict and prevent possible deficiency to meet the CAPA regulations. 7-SEEKING A QUICK FIX VERSUS SEEKING TO CORRECT THE ROOT CAUSE:- Companies generally focus on the product and the material issues rather than reaching below the surface to identify and address quality concerns. It results on focusing on product problems rather than on the systemic issues which prevents them to correct a root problem. However getting to the root cause is main aim of the CAPA. TRUE CAPA implementation is to identify and correct the problem by putting practices to prevent the future issues which require the integration and flow of information freely among companies various departments and locations. Five steps for success of CAPA system:- 1. Companies should implement an effective quality management system for tracking and logging the events utilizing centralized software system which helps in determining the root cause and implement an effective CAPA system. Moreover it also helps in the reduction on the boundaries between various departments. 2. Companies should implement an effective comprehensive investigation and root cause analysis which helps in developing the effective corrective and preventive action. 3. Accountability is maintained through notification and escalation procedures by utilizing the automated and the on the demand reporting. Communication helps in the resolution of the events in the timely manner whereas notification helps the management know where exactly the record is in and who is working on it. Notifications are approved to key personnel via record origination, record assignment, task completion and record approval. An escalation procedure helps in ensuring the key personnel about the dates approach and priority management responsible tool to the particular parties. 4. Easy accessibility of the Records, Notification and reports helps all the key personnel in the immediate response of the resolution process. Web based system also helps in to log in into QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM from any location which helps in quick response. 5. Effective checks are conducted to measure how well the CAPA plan worked Post implementation. A well-defined planning is essential for the elimination of the recurring events. This system helps in creating and assigning the effectiveness of the check records for each CAPA plan. If the issue is resolved, a review is conducted in the final stage. Phases of CAPA system:- CAPA system plays an important role in the quality management system. CAPA consists of the four important phases.. Phase-1: Planning Planning for the Measurement, Analysis and Improvement Process Establish the Data Sources and the Criteria Phase2: Measurement and Analysis Customer survey Service Report Process Control Complaints Supplier performance Return Product Supplier Performance Quality Audit Measurement and Analysis Phase-3 Improvement Identify the Action Identify the Root Cause Investigate Verification Of identified Action Implement Action Determine Effectiveness of Implemented Action Reporting to Management Management Review Phase 4 Input Management Sample CAPA Process Flow Factory Distributor Customer Data Corrective Action Request CRA Remediation Action RMA CAPA Completed No Action Needed CAPA Needed Root cause analysis and Corrective Action TASK Effective No YES CLOSE Requirements of Corrective and Preventive action (21 CFR 820, Subpart J) (1) For the corrective and preventive action, manufacturer should create and maintain the procedure and this procedure include some requirements for:- a) Service record complaints, Audit report of quality, records of quality, and operations of work, quality data sources to justify the obtainable and possible cause of original product. For detection of returning quality problems, this type of statistical methodology should be employed b) For the product, processes, and the system of quality, consider the cause of non-fulfillment of requirement. c) For the reappearance of unusual product and problem related to quality, recognize the corrective and preventive action. d) To decide the recognized corrective and preventive action is successful and has no adverse effect on finished devices; validate that corrective and preventive action. e) For correct and prevent recognized problem of quality it is necessary to implementing and recording the changes in method and procedure. f) Decide that information which are related to the problem of quality which is circulated and directly responsible to give surety such product quality for avoid of such problem. g) For review of Management, submit the corrective and preventive action and information of recognized problem of quality. (2) All actions necessary under this section, and their results should be documented Benefits and futures of CAPA (Fig -1- Benefits and Future of CAPA) 1.COST EFFECTIVE:-Many organizations do not implement a robust CAPA process because of its high cost.so CAPA is tracked by simple spreadsheets and home grown database which do not require full CAPA requirements. Where as Ready CAPA provides an application to meet quality management at an affordable price. 2. COMPLETE VALIDATION PACKAGE:-It is the part of the READY CAPA which ensures that the application is ready to use in days versus weeks 3. WORK FLOW APPROACH:-READY-CAPA enables to know that issues are tracked completely to resolution. CAPA helps in deciding the issues related to the problem and helps in solving and easily documented. It also helps in deciding the progress of the CAPA. 4.REGULATORY COMPLIANCE:-The procedures and policies followed by the companies must meet the regulatory compliance which includes the identification of the interphase system, constructed and tested the documents and policies and procedures. 5.CLOSED LOOP CAPA PROCESS:-It is implemented by the Ready CAPA electronic work flow. This helps in identifying the issues ,investigating the cause, action planning for the corrective and preventive action, implementing the actions, verifying the quality assurance approval, monitoring the periodic challenge option and closing 6. Closed loop CAPA helps to reduce the loss of data. 7. Closed loop CAPA management helps in providing the controlled environment. 8. CAPA helps in increasing the product quality by reducing the product cost and cycle time. Conclusion:- Now a days Quality has become an important issue in the pharmaceutical Industry. CAPA plays an important role in achieving the high quality of the pharmaceutical products. Many pharmaceutical companies are implementing the CAPA system which helps in reduction of the cost as well as improve the quality of the product. For the successful implementation of the CAPA, there should be a well-trained knowledgeable operator. The main aim of the CAPA is to identify the Root Cause of the problem and provide a solution to the problem that does not occur repetitively. Manufacturers when implementing the corrective and preventive actions must comply with the ISO standards for achieving the high quality. Management plays a key role in the successful implementation of the CAPA in the company for achieving the high quality of the product. Thus this document provides the guidance for the successful implementation of the CAPA.

Essay on Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider): Meursault’s Indifference

Meursault’s Indifference in The Stranger (The Outsider)  Ã‚   The language in The Stranger (The Outsider) is strikingly simple. The sentences are molded to fit their function. They state what Meursault, the narrator believes. More importantly, their structure conveys Meursault’s feelings. His feelings are a prominent focal point of the novel. With all of the varying emotions and feelings he has throughout the story, there is one general term that can be applied to them all: indifferent. Meursault delights in simple pleasures, but never fully indulges himself into any of his endeavors. He is always reserved, taciturn, lacking an abundance of emotion. The only passionate surge that emanates from his mind and body comes in the form of his encounter with the Chaplain in his cell. Monsieur Meursault speaks when he has something he feels he should say. Otherwise, he remains the receiver of other people's communications. It is this innocent reservedness that begins to build the image of him in the reader's mind. At first he may seem dull, unintelligible, even unfeeling; the reader is soon taken in by his casual persona however, and empathizes deeply with his plight by the end of the novel. Meursault perceives his world as extremely indifferent--he does not believe in God or seem to believe in anything higher than pure human existence, and pure human non-existence when death ends life. Meursault is himself indifferent to all of the things throughout his life, except when he is finally met by the specter of death. However, even this fear and anxiety ceases after he accosts the Chaplain. At the end of the novel this young Frenchman comes to realize his similarities to his universe. He feels things are almost "consummate", only a few ... ...will not come for the others in his world either. Meursault is fortunate enough to realize this while still living, for this foresight he triumphs. Conclusion The merging indifference. Meursault is a man whose life is hedged on a pervasive indifference. His Existentialist philosophy of the world is also a conception built on indifference. By the end of the novel Meursault is at peace with himself. He has finally come to a unity and understanding of the interwoven nature of his individuality and the existence of existence. Meursault's head will roll. His life snuffed out. A life complete. Ended. Actualized. All of this because he harbored no false hopes, no vain strivings, because he made a subtle covenant with the death that returns us all to the earth we were produced from. Works Cited: Camus, Albert. The Stranger. Everyman's Library: New York, 1993. Essay on Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider): Meursault’s Indifference Meursault’s Indifference in The Stranger (The Outsider)  Ã‚   The language in The Stranger (The Outsider) is strikingly simple. The sentences are molded to fit their function. They state what Meursault, the narrator believes. More importantly, their structure conveys Meursault’s feelings. His feelings are a prominent focal point of the novel. With all of the varying emotions and feelings he has throughout the story, there is one general term that can be applied to them all: indifferent. Meursault delights in simple pleasures, but never fully indulges himself into any of his endeavors. He is always reserved, taciturn, lacking an abundance of emotion. The only passionate surge that emanates from his mind and body comes in the form of his encounter with the Chaplain in his cell. Monsieur Meursault speaks when he has something he feels he should say. Otherwise, he remains the receiver of other people's communications. It is this innocent reservedness that begins to build the image of him in the reader's mind. At first he may seem dull, unintelligible, even unfeeling; the reader is soon taken in by his casual persona however, and empathizes deeply with his plight by the end of the novel. Meursault perceives his world as extremely indifferent--he does not believe in God or seem to believe in anything higher than pure human existence, and pure human non-existence when death ends life. Meursault is himself indifferent to all of the things throughout his life, except when he is finally met by the specter of death. However, even this fear and anxiety ceases after he accosts the Chaplain. At the end of the novel this young Frenchman comes to realize his similarities to his universe. He feels things are almost "consummate", only a few ... ...will not come for the others in his world either. Meursault is fortunate enough to realize this while still living, for this foresight he triumphs. Conclusion The merging indifference. Meursault is a man whose life is hedged on a pervasive indifference. His Existentialist philosophy of the world is also a conception built on indifference. By the end of the novel Meursault is at peace with himself. He has finally come to a unity and understanding of the interwoven nature of his individuality and the existence of existence. Meursault's head will roll. His life snuffed out. A life complete. Ended. Actualized. All of this because he harbored no false hopes, no vain strivings, because he made a subtle covenant with the death that returns us all to the earth we were produced from. Works Cited: Camus, Albert. The Stranger. Everyman's Library: New York, 1993.

College Admissions Essay: A Life Changing Experience :: College Admissions Essays

A Life Changing Experience    The experience of the APEC Youth Science festival was incredible. It has had an enormous impact on me in many ways, changing the way I look at the world and connecting me with people and events far beyond my formerly limited experience. I am extremely glad to have had this opportunity. It was a wonderful experience on multiple levels. It challenged me and expanded me intellectually and socially. I feel that this experience has had an immense impact on me.    Through this program I had first-hand access to some of the brightest young minds in both the United States and the world. The sharing among students of ideas and experiences in science, and in other areas as well, was enlightening. I felt like I had the chance to absorb knowledge from those around me. This environment spread beyond the students and also included the faculty and speakers. We had access to incredible faculty who were able to give much to the experience and share their own science insights. The program also brought in speakers and other science professionals from around the world who were at the top of their respective fields. This festival gave me real access to the movers and shakers of the science world, an experience beyond any available to me anywhere else.    The most fascinating aspect of this experience, for me, was the exposure to new cultures. This includes the twist culture puts on science. I found huge difference in the viewpoints of many cultures towards science related issues surprising. For instance many cultures had vastly different ways of looking at the forthcoming issues surrounding the implications of genetic engineering. The Asian and American cultures were very different in many work habit areas as well. There was an interesting group dynamic as culturally mixed groups strove to collectively complete group projects. The cultural sharing in science went beyond how questions were answered to how they were asked to which questions were most important and even which questions were addressed. while observing the cultural spin on science and work habits was an interesting pastime, the true wonder was cultural sharing on a greater scale.    This program exposed me to Asian cultures in a way I had never thought possible. Living in an Asian country, even for only a week, and being mixed with students from around the world brought me face to face with cultures I had never before truly experienced.

Water Molecule

Free Essays Must Be Free! TM Water Is Essential To Life Term paper While the free essays can give you inspiration for writing, they cannot be used ‘as is' because they will not meet your assignment's requirements. If you are in a time crunch, then you need a custom written term paper on your subject (water is essential to life) Here you can hire an independent writer/researcher to custom write you an authentic essay to your specifications that will pass any plagiarism test (e. g. Turnitin). Waste no more time! Water is Essential to Life Water is Essential for Life Water is the most important substance in our evolution and our daily lives.Without water, life as we know it would not have been possible. †¦ Water is Essential for Life Water is the most important substance in our evolution and our daily lives. Without water, life as we know it would not have been possible. It's important to understand and examine the water molecule in order to ascertain how it brought about Ear th's thriving ecosystem and how important it is for us today. Water is a strong solvent, it's a very unique molecule that can breaks and reforms constantly. Each water molecule consists acid What is acid rain? Acid rain is the term for pollution caused †¦ f one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. The oxygen atom also called the â€Å"apex of the water molecule† bears a slight electronegative charge while hydrogen possesses a more positive one (Kirk 225). Because of the opposite charges attract, the water molecules are drawn together. When an oxygen atom is linked to a molecule's hydrogen atom, a bond called a hydrogen bond is formed (Kirk 256). There are several types of water molecule such as liquid water, ice and water The Debate Over A Century Old Law English 201 The Debate Over a Century Old Law Thesis: The showdown in the west between the U. S.Government and †¦ vapor. These are all as important as we need in our daily lives. In a liquid form of water it has no such spaces because hydrogen bonds constantly breaks and reforms. Thus ice is stable hydrogen bonds that bonded together, it's less dense and will float on liquid water. If it's not this reason, the great bodies of water would freeze from the bottom up without the insulation of a top layer of ice, and all life in the climatic change I. SUMMARY: This paper looks at the controversial issue of climatic change. In particular, it develops the question of if and why earth’s climate is changing?The roles †¦ water would all die (Bio ;notes) Water is a very small molecule that has its own unique properties therefore it behaves like a larger one. The bonds between water molecules are the covalent bonds ;these bonds are so strong that water resists changes in its state. For example, solid, liquid and gas. Thus water has a higher melting point and a higher boiling point than any other molecule of similar size (Kirk 256). When heat is applied to solid Humans Soon to be Extinct†¦ Say it ain't so Humans Soon to be Extinct†¦ Say it ain't so!! by Ryan Shoquist English 121 Dr.Gilliard November 23, 1996 Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. page Body†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. pages †¦ water, some hydrogen bonds get so much kinetic energy that they break and the ice melts. Whereas liquid water does not necessarily have all four hydrogen bonds present at all times but it must somehow retain some of them so if any object penetrates water, it must be able to break the hydrogen bonds on the surface of the water. These bonds normally resist breaking but The rest of the paper is available free of charge to our registered users.The registration process just couldn't be easier. Log in or register now. It is all free! 1. â€Å"Biology Today†, Kirk David : Third Edition, Random House Publishers, 1980 2. General Biolog y,: Chemical Foundations of Life or â€Å"Asking about Life†, Tobin and Dusheck, 1998. 3. â€Å"Concepts and Challenged in Life Science†, Stanley Wolfe: Second Edition, ? 1989, 1986 Globe Book Company; Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632 Share on linkedin Share on facebook Share on twitter Share on email More Sharing Services 0 You should cite this paper as follows: MLA Style . EssayMania. com. Retrieved on 30 Mar, 2013 from More College Papers ater essay Fresh water is one of our most important natural resources because it's needed for survival and there is no substitute for it. Unlike energy, which has many alternative forms there are no alternatives for water. Most of our earth is covered by water, but only a tiny amount is available for fresh wat watership down essay Hazel became the leader of the rabbits once they left their original warren. He was a very smart and tricky rabbit who won the respect and trust of the other rabbits by his courage and many great deeds. He always handled problems calmly so others would also remained calm. Whenever a plan was neeWatergate Thesis essay Table of Contents Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg. 1 Thesis and Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Pg. 2-10 Appendix A (Definitions). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg. 11 List of Works Cited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg. 12 Menu Hire Writer Free Essays Essay Database Login Register Share More Sharing ServicesShare  © 2013 EssayMania. com. All Rights Reserved. Related Searches: Buy Research Paper Sample College Essay College Essays College Research Paper Essay Examples Writing A Research Paper Essay Writing Service Writing Arguments Essay Writers Writing College Papers Water Molecule Free Essays Must Be Free! TM Water Is Essential To Life Term paper While the free essays can give you inspiration for writing, they cannot be used ‘as is' because they will not meet your assignment's requirements. If you are in a time crunch, then you need a custom written term paper on your subject (water is essential to life) Here you can hire an independent writer/researcher to custom write you an authentic essay to your specifications that will pass any plagiarism test (e. g. Turnitin). Waste no more time! Water is Essential to Life Water is Essential for Life Water is the most important substance in our evolution and our daily lives.Without water, life as we know it would not have been possible. †¦ Water is Essential for Life Water is the most important substance in our evolution and our daily lives. Without water, life as we know it would not have been possible. It's important to understand and examine the water molecule in order to ascertain how it brought about Ear th's thriving ecosystem and how important it is for us today. Water is a strong solvent, it's a very unique molecule that can breaks and reforms constantly. Each water molecule consists acid What is acid rain? Acid rain is the term for pollution caused †¦ f one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. The oxygen atom also called the â€Å"apex of the water molecule† bears a slight electronegative charge while hydrogen possesses a more positive one (Kirk 225). Because of the opposite charges attract, the water molecules are drawn together. When an oxygen atom is linked to a molecule's hydrogen atom, a bond called a hydrogen bond is formed (Kirk 256). There are several types of water molecule such as liquid water, ice and water The Debate Over A Century Old Law English 201 The Debate Over a Century Old Law Thesis: The showdown in the west between the U. S.Government and †¦ vapor. These are all as important as we need in our daily lives. In a liquid form of water it has no such spaces because hydrogen bonds constantly breaks and reforms. Thus ice is stable hydrogen bonds that bonded together, it's less dense and will float on liquid water. If it's not this reason, the great bodies of water would freeze from the bottom up without the insulation of a top layer of ice, and all life in the climatic change I. SUMMARY: This paper looks at the controversial issue of climatic change. In particular, it develops the question of if and why earth’s climate is changing?The roles †¦ water would all die (Bio ;notes) Water is a very small molecule that has its own unique properties therefore it behaves like a larger one. The bonds between water molecules are the covalent bonds ;these bonds are so strong that water resists changes in its state. For example, solid, liquid and gas. Thus water has a higher melting point and a higher boiling point than any other molecule of similar size (Kirk 256). When heat is applied to solid Humans Soon to be Extinct†¦ Say it ain't so Humans Soon to be Extinct†¦ Say it ain't so!! by Ryan Shoquist English 121 Dr.Gilliard November 23, 1996 Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. page Body†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. pages †¦ water, some hydrogen bonds get so much kinetic energy that they break and the ice melts. Whereas liquid water does not necessarily have all four hydrogen bonds present at all times but it must somehow retain some of them so if any object penetrates water, it must be able to break the hydrogen bonds on the surface of the water. These bonds normally resist breaking but The rest of the paper is available free of charge to our registered users.The registration process just couldn't be easier. Log in or register now. It is all free! 1. â€Å"Biology Today†, Kirk David : Third Edition, Random House Publishers, 1980 2. General Biolog y,: Chemical Foundations of Life or â€Å"Asking about Life†, Tobin and Dusheck, 1998. 3. â€Å"Concepts and Challenged in Life Science†, Stanley Wolfe: Second Edition, ? 1989, 1986 Globe Book Company; Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632 Share on linkedin Share on facebook Share on twitter Share on email More Sharing Services 0 You should cite this paper as follows: MLA Style . EssayMania. com. Retrieved on 30 Mar, 2013 from More College Papers ater essay Fresh water is one of our most important natural resources because it's needed for survival and there is no substitute for it. Unlike energy, which has many alternative forms there are no alternatives for water. Most of our earth is covered by water, but only a tiny amount is available for fresh wat watership down essay Hazel became the leader of the rabbits once they left their original warren. He was a very smart and tricky rabbit who won the respect and trust of the other rabbits by his courage and many great deeds. He always handled problems calmly so others would also remained calm. Whenever a plan was neeWatergate Thesis essay Table of Contents Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg. 1 Thesis and Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Pg. 2-10 Appendix A (Definitions). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg. 11 List of Works Cited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg. 12 Menu Hire Writer Free Essays Essay Database Login Register Share More Sharing ServicesShare  © 2013 EssayMania. com. All Rights Reserved. Related Searches: Buy Research Paper Sample College Essay College Essays College Research Paper Essay Examples Writing A Research Paper Essay Writing Service Writing Arguments Essay Writers Writing College Papers

PCI DSS stands for Payment Card Industry Essay

The senior management has been advised by the legal department that the organization will need to become PCI DSS compliant before using online applications that accept credit cards and customer personal information. The management isn’t familiar with PCI DSS compliance; therefore, the management asked you to prepare a recommendation explaining PCI DSS compliance, how the organization can move through the compliance process, and the consequences of noncompliance. PCI DSS stands for Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard. PCI DSS originally began as five different programs: Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover and JCB data security programs. Each company creates an additional level of protection for card issuers by ensuring that merchants meet minimum levels of security when they store, process and transmit cardholder data. PCI DSS specifies 12 requirements for compliance, organized into six logically related groups called control objectives. Each version of PCI DSS has divided these 12 requirements into a number of sub-requirements differently, but the 12 high level requirements have not changed since the inception standard. The control objectives are Build and maintain a secure network, protect cardholder data, maintain a vulnerability management program, implement strong access control measures, regularly monitor and test networks and maintain an information security policy. The requirements for compliance are, install and maintain a firewall configuration to protect card holder data, do not use vendor-supplied defaults for system passwords and other security parameters, protect stored cardholder data, encrypt transmission of cardholder data across open public networks, use and regularly update anti-virus software on all systems commonly affected by malware, develop and maintain secure systems and applications, restrict access to cardholder data by business need-to-know, assign a unique ID to each person with computer access, restrict physical access to card holder data, track and monitor all access to network resources and cardholder data, regularly test security systems and processes and maintain a p olicy that addresses information security. According to Visa, no compromised entity has yet been found to be in compliance with PCI DSS at the time of a breach. Assessments examine the compliance of merchants and services providers with the PCI DSS at a specific point in  time and frequently utilize a sampling methodology to allow compliance to be demonstrated through representative systems and processes. It is the responsibility of the merchant and service provider to achieve, demonstrate, and maintain their compliance at all times both throughout the annual validation/assessment cycle and across all system and processes in their entirely.